ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2014
The structure of the trabecular meshwork, its connections to the ciliary muscle, and the effect of pilocarpine on outflow facility in mice.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-course characterization of intraocular pressure in murine steroid-induced ocular hypertension: Effects of route, schedule, and concentration.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Mannitol plus pilocarpine for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma: efficacy and safety analysis.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling of trabecular meshwork identifies mitochondrial dysfunction in a glaucoma model that is protected by vitamin B3 treatment.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- TRPV4 controls circadian and pathological ocular hypertension.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- TRPV4 activation by TGFβ2 enhances cellular contractility and drives ocular hypertension.eLife · 2025Article
- Endothelial cell-specific postnatal deletion of Nos3 preserves intraocular pressure homeostasis via macrophage recruitment and NOS2 upregulation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Robotic Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Visualizes Segmental Schlemm's Canal Anatomy and Segmental Pilocarpine Response.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- A simple mathematical approach to identifying baseline predictors of the effectiveness of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in intraocular pressure reduction.Digital journal of ophthalmology : DJO · 2025Article
- The Change of Ciliary Muscle-Trabecular Meshwork-Schlemm Canal Complex after Phacoemulsification using Swept-Source-Optical Coherence Tomography.Ophthalmic research · 2025Article
- Schlemm's canal-selective Tie2/TEK knockdown induces sustained ocular hypertension in adult mice.Experimental eye research · 2024Article
- Robotic Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Visualizes Segmental Schlemm's Canal Anatomy and Segmental Pilocarpine Response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- TRPV4 subserves physiological and pathological elevations in intraocular pressure.Research square · 2024Article
- Aging and intraocular pressure homeostasis in mice.Aging cell · 2024Article
- The Factors Affecting the Stability of IOP Homeostasis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Targeting YAP/TAZ mechanosignaling to ameliorate stiffness-induced Schlemm's canal cell pathobiology.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024Article
- Genetic background determines severity of Loxl1-mediated systemic and ocular elastosis in mice.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Article
- Imaging fine structures of the human trabecular meshworkBiomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Targeting YAP mechanosignaling to ameliorate stiffness-induced Schlemm's canal cell pathobiology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Pressure Clamping During Ocular Perfusions Drives Nitric Oxide-Mediated Washout.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the connections between the ciliary muscle (CM), trabecular meshwork (TM), and Schlemm's canal (SC) and their innervations that allows CM contraction (by pilocarpine) to influence conventional outflow in mice.
methodsSequential sections and whole mounts of murine corneoscleral angles were stained for elastin, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Elastic (EL) fibers between the CM, TM, and SC were examined in ultrathin, sequential sections from different planes. The effect of pilocarpine (100 μM) on conventional outflow facility was measured by perfusion of enucleated mouse eyes.
resultsThe mouse TM contains a three-dimensional (3D) net of EL fibers connecting the inner wall of SC to the cornea anteriorly, the ciliary body (CB) internally and the choroid and CM posteriorly. The CM bifurcates near the posterior TM, extending outer tendons to the juxtacanalicular tissue and inner wall of SC and internal connections to the lamellated TM and CB. Ciliary muscle and lamellated TM cells stain with αSMA and are innervated by VAChT-containing nerve fibers, without TH, VIP, or nNOS. Pilocarpine doubled outflow facility.
conclusionsMouse eyes resemble primate eyes not only by their well developed SC and TM, but also by their 3D EL net tethering together the TM and SC inner wall and by the tendinous insertion of the CM into this net. The increase in outflow facility following cholinergic stimulation in mice, as in primates, supports using mice for studies of aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.