ArticleAmerican journal of public health2014
Connecting race and place: a county-level analysis of White, Black, and Hispanic HIV prevalence, poverty, and level of urbanization.
Article in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incorporation of Social Determinants of Health in the Peer-Reviewed Literature: A Systematic Review of Articles Authored by the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Inequities in willingness to disclose contact information to access free mpox self-testing kits among MSM in China: a COM-B-informed multi-center study.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Article
- Declines in HIV testing and diagnoses: a policy analysis of the 2019 Title X federal regulations on family planning clinics.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2025Article
- Estimation of place-based vulnerability scores for HIV viral non-suppression: an application leveraging data from a cohort of people with histories of using drugs.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of HIV care engagement since diagnosis among persons with HIV in the Florida Ryan White program.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Impact of social distancing on early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United States.Zoonoses and public health · 2022Article
- Impact of HIV infection on survival among women with stage I-III breast cancer: Results from the South African breast cancer and HIV outcomes study.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Urban Scaling of Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- Integrating and Disseminating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Screening and Dispensing for Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in Atlanta, Georgia: Protocol for Community Pharmacies.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- The neurocognitive effects of a past cannabis use disorder in a diverse sample of people living with HIV.AIDS care · 2021Article
- Willingness to Discuss and Screen for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Pharmacies Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2021Article
- Are spatial models advantageous for predicting county-level HIV epidemiology across the United States?Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2021Article
- Neighborhood Poverty and Control of HIV, Hypertension, and Diabetes in the Women's Interagency HIV Study.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV prevalence in South Africa through gender and racial lenses: results from the 2012 population-based national household survey.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Spatial Regression Analysis of Poverty in R.Spatial demography · 2019Article
- Using big data analytics to improve HIV medical care utilisation in South Carolina: A study protocol.BMJ open · 2019Article
- A Multi-step Usability Evaluation of a Self-Management App to Support Medication Adherence in Persons Living with HIV.International journal of medical informatics · 2019Article
- Social Determinants of Sexual Behavior and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Among Low-Income HIV+ or STI At-Risk Hispanic Residents Receiving Care at the U.S.-Mexico Border.Journal of community health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence across levels of urbanization.
methodsUsing national HIV surveillance data from the year 2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence rates and covariates of race/ethnicity, poverty, and other publicly available data. We estimated model-based Black-White and Hispanic-White prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) across levels of urbanization and poverty.
resultsWe observed racial/ethnic disparities for all strata of urbanization across 1111 included counties. Poverty was associated with HIV prevalence only in major metropolitan counties. At the same level of urbanization, Black-White and Hispanic-White PRRs were not statistically different from 1.0 at high poverty rates (Black-White PRR = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 2.9; Hispanic-White PRR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.6). In nonurban counties, racial/ethnic disparities remained after we controlled for poverty.
conclusionsThe association between HIV prevalence and poverty varies by level of urbanization. HIV prevention interventions should be tailored to this understanding. Reducing racial/ethnic disparities will require multifactorial interventions linking social factors with sexual networks and individual risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.