ReviewAssay and drug development technologies2014
Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors.
Review in Assay and drug development technologies, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,125 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,125 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Expert consensus on the use of oral antiseptics in oral surgery: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2026Guideline
- Tumor-on-chip and cancer microphysiological platforms: knowledge structure, thematic evolution, and the emergence of organoid-integrated models, 2010-2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Engineering high-fidelity bone organoids: Operational classification, multilineage crosstalk, biofabrication evidence, and translational validation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Glucose and Oxygen Availability Shape Growth and Architecture of Tumor Spheroids in a Microfluidic 3D Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Mechanism-Informed Language Modeling and Oxygenated 3D Screening Identify Berberine-Enzalutamide Synergy in Prostate Cancer Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Optimization of 3D Spheroid Models of Ovarian, Breast, and Gastric Cancer for Comparative Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Beyond the Monolayer: Leveraging 3D Culture Systems to Decode Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Colorectal Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Development of a 3D-bioprinted tumour-on-chip with tunable hydrogel properties for monitoring colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling reverses the dedifferentiated phenotype of thyroid cancer cells in three-dimensional culture.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Beyond the dose: a clearance-enabled in vitro platform for evaluating local therapies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Targets and Signaling Mechanisms in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models of Osteoarthritis.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Screening of Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Effects of Estradiol, Bisphenol A, and Fulvestrant Using 2D and 3D Breast Cancer Cell Systems With a Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Overcoming Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Targeting Cell Cycle Progression with Narciclasine-Based Compounds.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Aporphine AlkaloidPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives on 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models in Cancer Research: Molecular Determinants of Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The Translational Paradox of Cancer Nanomedicine: Biological, Pharmacokinetic, and Manufacturing Barriers to Clinical Success.Biology · 2026Review
- 3D HepG2 spheroid model exhibits drug-specific response profiles validating their application in therapeutic screening.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Decoding Sebaceous Gland Biology Through Experimental Models: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions.Cells · 2026Review
- Human iPSC-Derived Brain Organoids: A Disease-Oriented Evaluation of Modeling Fidelity.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
1,065 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest in drug discovery and tissue engineering due to their evident advantages in providing more physiologically relevant information and more predictive data for in vivo tests. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of 3D cell culture systems in comparison to the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, focusing on cell growth conditions, cell proliferation, population, and gene and protein expression profiles. The innovations and development in 3D culture systems for drug discovery over the past 5 years are also reviewed in the article, emphasizing the cellular response to different classes of anticancer drugs, focusing particularly on similarities and differences between 3D and 2D models across the field. The progression and advancement in the application of 3D cell cultures in cell-based biosensors is another focal point of this review.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.