Trial reportPLoS pathogens2014
HIV-infected individuals with low CD4/CD8 ratio despite effective antiretroviral therapy exhibit altered T cell subsets, heightened CD8+ T cell activation, and increased risk of non-AIDS morbidity and mortality.
Trial report in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000168 (Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS), which is not on this map. Cited by 389 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA)
Who cites it
389 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 606 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+ T-cell count as prognostic markers for non-AIDS mortality in people living with HIV. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Three-Year CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovery After Initiation of Dual Versus Triple Integrase Inhibitor-Based Therapy in Naïve Adults With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Early antiretroviral therapy and long-term cancer risk in HIV: 9-year outcomes from the START randomized trial.BMC cancer · 2026Trial
- Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Two or Three? Clinical and Proteomic Perspectives on Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide as Initial HIV Treatment.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy in patients with severely immunosuppressed AIDS: a multicenter, open-label, controlled, phase 2a study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers.Microbiome · 2024Trial
- Sixteen-Week Vitamin DNutrients · 2022Trial
- Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebo-controlled study.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Rapid HIV Progression Is Associated with Extensive Ongoing Somatic Hypermutation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Trial
- Outcomes of Kaposi sarcoma in people living with HIV who maintain long-term viral suppression: A prospective case-series.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diverse men with prostate cancer reveals a fatal disease-associated immune signature.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Dynamic prediction of HIV-related incomplete immune reconstitution: A multicenter, large cohort study using advanced joint modeling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Data and Potentially Informative Visiting Process to Dynamically Predict Future Visit Times.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Assessment of HIV Prevalence in the Central Black Sea Region of Türkiye.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Frailty in People with HIV Is Linked to Inflammation, Bone Health, and T-Cell Exhaustion.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte profiles in an HIV-positive and HIV-negative female cohort.Laboratory medicine · 2026Article
329 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A low CD4/CD8 ratio in elderly HIV-uninfected adults is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A subset of HIV-infected adults receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to normalize this ratio, even after they achieve normal CD4+ T cell counts. The immunologic and clinical characteristics of this clinical phenotype remain undefined. Using data from four distinct clinical cohorts and three clinical trials, we show that a low CD4/CD8 ratio in HIV-infected adults during otherwise effective ART (after CD4 count recovery above 500 cells/mm3) is associated with a number of immunological abnormalities, including a skewed T cell phenotype from naïve toward terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells, higher levels of CD8+ T cell activation (HLADR+CD38+) and senescence (CD28- and CD57+CD28-), and higher kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Changes in the peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio are also reflective of changes in gut mucosa, but not in lymph nodes. In a longitudinal study, individuals who initiated ART within six months of infection had greater CD4/CD8 ratio increase compared to later initiators (>2 years). After controlling for age, gender, ART duration, nadir and CD4 count, the CD4/CD8 ratio predicted increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Hence, a persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio during otherwise effective ART is associated with increased innate and adaptive immune activation, an immunosenescent phenotype, and higher risk of morbidity/mortality. This ratio may prove useful in monitoring response to ART and could identify a unique subset of individuals needed of novel therapeutic interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.