Trial reportPloS one2014
CD4 and viral load dynamics in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected adults from Soweto, South Africa: a prospective cohort.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A Comprehensive Approach to Assuring Quality of Laboratory Testing in HIV Surveys: Lessons Learned From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
- Attention/Working Memory, Learning and Memory in Adult Cameroonians: Normative Data, Effects of HIV Infection and Viral Genotype.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2020Article
- The impact of bone marrow stromal antigen-2 (BST2) gene variants on HIV-1 control in black South African individuals.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Modelling of viral load dynamics and CD4 cell count progression in an antiretroviral naive cohort: using a joint linear mixed and multistate Markov model.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Projected population-wide impact of antiretroviral therapy-linked isoniazid preventive therapy in a high-burden setting.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Community-based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Self-Testing in Blantyre, Malawi.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- HIV-1 Viral Loads Are Not Elevated in Individuals Co-infected WithFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- RICH2 is implicated in viraemic control of HIV-1 in black South African individuals.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2017Article
- CD4+ cell dynamics in untreated HIV-1 infection: overall rates, and effects of age, viral load, sex and calendar time.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- Article
- Correction: CD4 and Viral Load Dynamics in Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-Infected Adults from Soweto, South Africa: A Prospective Cohort.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCD4 count is a proxy for the extent of immune deficiency and declines in CD4 count are a measure of disease progression. Decline in CD4 count is an important component: for estimating benefits of ARV treatment; for individual level counselling on the rapidity of untreated disease progression and prognosis; and can be used in planning demand for health services. Our objective is to report CD4 decline and changes in viral load (VL) in a group of HIV-infected adults enrolled in a randomized trial of preventive treatment for TB in South Africa where clade C infection predominates.
methodsHIV-infected, tuberculin skin test positive adults who were not eligible for antiretroviral (ARV) treatment were randomized to a trial of preventive treatment from 2003-2005. VL and CD4 count were assessed at enrollment and CD4 counts repeated at least annually. During follow-up, individuals whose CD4 counts decreased to <200 cells/mm(3) were referred for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and were analytically censored.
results1106 ARV naïve adults were enrolled. Their median age was 30 years and male to female ratio was 1:5. Median baseline CD4 count was 490 cells/mm(3) (IQR 351-675). The overall mean decline in CD4 count was 3.2 cells/mm (3) per annum [corrected].Adjusting for age, gender, baseline hemoglobin, smoking and alcohol use had little impact on the estimate of CD4 decline. However, VL at baseline had a major impact on CD4 decline. The percent decline in CD4 count was 13.3% (95% CI 12.0%, 14.7%), 10.6% (95% CI 8.8%, 12.4%), and 13.8% (95% CI 12.1%, 15.5%) per annum for baseline VLs of <10,000 (N = 314), 10,001-100,000 (N = 338), >100,000 (N = 122) copies/ml.
conclusionsOur data suggests that six and a half years will elapse for an individual's CD4 count to decline from 750 to 350 cells/mm3 in the absence of ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.