ArticleGene therapy2014
Comparative analysis of enzymatically produced novel linear DNA constructs with plasmids for use as DNA vaccines.
Article in Gene therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancing DNA Nuclear Entry in Gene Delivery.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Minicircle DNA Vaccines: Overcoming Delivery and Expression Barriers in Next-Generation Immunization.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Anticodon-edited transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) encoded as therapeutic nonviral minimal DNA vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Novel enzymatic DNA produced from a text file achieves comparable immune responses as plasmid vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Modifying non-coding regions of linear DNA vaccines to explore the interplay of expression and inflammation in immunogenicity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Anticodon Edited Transfer RNAs (ACE-tRNAs) Encoded as Therapeutic Nonviral Minimal DNA Vectors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Random Insertion Reporter Gimmicks Powered by Cut-and-Paste DNA Transposons.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A Transgenic Mouse With a Humanized B-Cell Repertoire Mounts an Antibody Response to Influenza Infection and Vaccination.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Combinative workflow for mRNA vaccine development.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- DNA Vaccines: Their Formulations, Engineering and Delivery.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Optimizing a linear 'Doggybone' DNA vaccine for influenza virus through the incorporation of DNA targeting sequences and neuraminidase antigen.Discovery immunology · 2024Article
- The next-generation DNA vaccine platforms and delivery systems: advances, challenges and prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- DNA synthesis technologies to close the gene writing gap.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2023Review
- The TelN/tos-assisted precise targeting of chromosome segments (TAPE).Journal of advanced research · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Doggybone DNA Vaccine Produces Cross-Variant Neutralizing Antibodies and Is Protective in a COVID-19 Animal Model.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Linear DNA amplicons as a novel cancer vaccine strategy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- A brief review on DNA vaccines in the era of COVID-19.Future virology · 2021Review
- Oxidative stress implications for therapeutic vaccine development against Chagas disease.Expert review of vaccines · 2021Review
- Contemporary Transposon Tools: A Review and Guide through Mechanisms and Applications ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The use of DNA to deliver vaccine antigens offers many advantages, including ease of manufacture and cost. However, most DNA vaccines are plasmids and must be grown in bacterial culture, necessitating elements that are either unnecessary for effective gene delivery (for example, bacterial origins of replication) or undesirable (for example, antibiotic resistance genes). Removing these elements may improve the safety profile of DNA for the delivery of vaccines. Here, we describe a novel, double-stranded, linear DNA construct produced by an enzymatic process that solely encodes an antigen expression cassette, comprising antigen, promoter, polyA tail and telomeric ends. We compared these constructs (called 'Doggybones' because of their shape) with conventional plasmid DNA. Using luciferase-expressing constructs, we demonstrated that expression levels were equivalent between Doggybones and plasmids both in vitro and in vivo. When mice were immunized with DNA constructs expressing the HIV envelope protein gp140, equivalent humoral and cellular responses were induced. Immunizations with either construct type expressing hemagluttinin were protective against H1N1 influenza challenge. This is the first example of an effective DNA vaccine, which can be produced on a large scale by enzymatic processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.