Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24829758›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2014

Immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) is a biomarker of therapeutic response to oncolytic immunotherapy with vaccinia viruses.

Andrew Zloza, Dae Won Kim, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Michael C Jagoda, Vladia Monsurro, Francesco M Marincola, Howard L Kaufman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Optimizing oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2019
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  16. Predictive and Prognostic Clinical Variables in Cancer Patients Treated With Adenoviral Oncolytic Immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2016
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Andrew ZlozaRush University Cancer Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA ; Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Dae Won KimRush University Cancer Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Seunghee Kim-SchulzeThe Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Michael C JagodaRush University Cancer Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Vladia MonsurroInfectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
Francesco M MarincolaInfectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA ; Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar.
Howard L KaufmanRutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Immungenetics (Germany) · DERush University · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USRush University Medical Center · USRutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOncolytic viruses represent a novel form of cancer immunotherapy. Vaccinia viruses encoding human T cell co-stimulatory molecules have demonstrated clinical activity in phase I clinical trials in patients with advanced melanoma. However, predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response have not yet been identified.

methodsA customized microarray was performed to identify changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression upon exposure to recombinant oncolytic vaccinia viruses. Up-regulated and down-regulated genes were identified and selected for further analysis using PBMC samples from normal donors and oncolytic virus-treated patients before and after viral injection. Quantitative PCR and flow cytometry of defined T cell subsets was performed to evaluate expression patterns and clinical correlations.

resultsThe microarray identified 301 genes that were up-regulated and 960 genes that were down-regulated in T cells after exposure to oncolytic vaccinia virus. The B7.1 gene was highly up-regulated and the immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) gene was highly down-regulated by vaccinia-B7.1, which was consistent with the known inverse regulation of these two genes. We observed an inverse association between ILT2 expression in the tumor microenvironment and clinical response and further identified ILT2 as a marker of regulatory CD4+ and suppressor CD8+ T cell responses and whose down-regulation was predictive of therapeutic responses in patients treated with oncolytic virus immunotherapy.

conclusionsILT2 is a new putative biomarker of T cell and clinical response in patients treated with oncolytic vaccinia virus immunotherapy. Further confirmation of ILT2 as a biomarker requires prospective validation in a larger series of clinical trials.

Indexed as

BiomarkerCancer vaccinesImmunoglobulin-like transcript 2ImmunotherapyOncolytic virusT cellsVaccinia

Identifiers

PMID24829758
PMCPMC4019911
OpenAlexW2161340049

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.