ArticleLeukemia & lymphoma2015
Investigating and targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia metabolism with the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir and metformin.
Article in Leukemia & lymphoma, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Metformin Combinations with Other Repurposed Drugs in the Treatment of Hamster Fibrosarcoma: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- The Critical Role of Adipocytes in Leukemia.Biology · 2025Review
- Drug Repurposing as an Effective Drug Discovery Strategy: A Critical Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Neurotoxicity of the antineoplastic drugs: "Doxorubicin" as an example.Journal of molecular histology · 2024Review
- Molecular Secrets Revealed: How Diabetes may be Paving the Way for Leukemia.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
- Research Progress on the Use of Metformin in Leukemia Treatment.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- Repurposing approved non-oncology drugs for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical prospects.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- The Metabolism and Immune Environment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Interactions between HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir and human DNA repair enzyme ALKBH2: a molecular dynamics simulation study.Molecular diversity · 2023Article
- Metabolomics: A New Era in the Diagnosis or Prognosis of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Current Status of Novel Agents for the Treatment of B Cell Malignancies: What's Coming Next?Cancers · 2022Review
- Targeting metabolic reprogramming in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is dispensable for survival of CD34Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Targeted Drug Delivery for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Pharmaceutical research · 2022Review
- Single-Cell Metabolomics in Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Metformin - its anti-cancer effects in hematologic malignancies.Oncology reviews · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains fatal due to the development of resistance to existing therapies. Targeting abnormal glucose metabolism sensitizes various cancer cells to chemotherapy and/or elicits toxicity. Examination of glucose dependency in CLL demonstrated variable sensitivity to glucose deprivation. Further evaluation of metabolic dependencies of CLL cells resistant to glucose deprivation revealed increased engagement of fatty acid oxidation upon glucose withdrawal. Investigation of glucose transporter expression in CLL reveals up-regulation of glucose transporter GLUT4. Treatment of CLL cells with human immunodeficiency (HIV) protease inhibitor ritonavir, which inhibits GLUT4, elicits toxicity similar to that elicited upon glucose deprivation. CLL cells resistant to ritonavir are sensitized by co-treatment with metformin, potentially targeting compensatory mitochondrial complex 1 activity. Ritonavir and metformin have been administered in humans for the treatment of diabetes in patients with HIV, demonstrating the tolerance to this combination in humans. Our studies strongly substantiate further investigation of Food and Drug Administration approved ritonavir and metformin for CLL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.