ReviewJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2014
Practitioner review: A critical perspective on gene-environment interaction models--what impact should they have on clinical perceptions and practice?
Review in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene-Physical Activity Interplay in Depression: Candidate-Gene Interactions, Polygenic Susceptibility, Lifestyle Context, and Mendelian Randomization Evidence-Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Genetic associations with education have increased and are patterned by socioeconomic context: Evidence from 3 studies born 1946-1970.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Gene-environment interaction in ADHD traits: the role of school environment, personality, callousness-unemotional traits and satisfaction with life.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Tradeoffs in Modeling Context Dependency in Complex Trait Genetics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genotype-Environment Interaction in ADHD: Genetic Predisposition Determines the Extent to Which Environmental Influences Explain Variability in the Symptom Dimensions Hyperactivity and Inattention.Behavior genetics · 2024Article
- Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · 2022Article
- The levels problem in psychopathology.Psychological medicine · 2021Review
- Somatic comorbidity in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- No Support for Historical Candidate Gene or Candidate Gene-by-Interaction Hypotheses for Major Depression Across Multiple Large Samples.The American journal of psychiatry · 2019Article
- Application of Research Domain Criteria to childhood and adolescent impulsive and addictive disorders: Implications for treatment.Clinical psychology review · 2018Review
- Personality as an intermediate phenotype for genetic dissection of alcohol use disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Review
- The CogBIAS longitudinal study protocol: cognitive and genetic factors influencing psychological functioning in adolescence.BMC psychology · 2017Article
- Annual Research Review: Discovery science strategies in studies of the pathophysiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders--promises and limitations.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2016Review
- Gene × Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Genetic Mouse Models.Neural plasticity · 2016Review
- Gene-Stress-Epigenetic Regulation of FKBP5: Clinical and Translational Implications.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents: FKBP5 genotype--early life adversity interaction effects.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2015Article
- Kernel Approach for Modeling Interaction Effects in Genetic Association Studies of Complex Quantitative Traits.Genetic epidemiology · 2015Article
- Adolescent Loneliness and the Interaction between the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR) and Parental Support: A Replication Study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Messaging in Biological Psychiatry: Misrepresentations, Their Causes, and Potential Consequences.Harvard review of psychiatryReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPsychiatric disorders run in families, and early twin, family and adoption studies confirmed that this was due in part to shared genetic inheritance. While candidate gene studies largely failed to reliably identify genetic variants associated with psychiatric disorders, genome-wide association studies are beginning to do so. However, the proportion of phenotypic variance explained remains well below what would be expected from previous heritability estimates. SCOPE: We review possible reasons for this 'missing heritability', and whether incorporating gene by environment interactions into our models will substantially improve our understanding of the aetiology of psychiatric disorders, and inform clinical perceptions and practice.
findingsWe discuss potential limitations of the gene by environment interaction approach. In particular, we discuss whether these are likely to be a major contributor to psychiatric disorders at the level of the specific interaction (as opposed to at an aggregate level).
conclusionsGene by environment interaction studies offered initial promise that a far greater proportion of phenotypic variance could be explained by incorporating measures of environmental exposures into genetic studies. However, in our opinion, there are few (if any) clear examples of gene by environment interactions in psychiatry, and their scope for informing either our understanding of disease pathology or clinical practice remains limited at present.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.