ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2014
Increased HIV prevention program coverage and decline in HIV prevalence among female sex workers in south India.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative Methods Used to Evaluate Impact of Combination HIV Prevention Intervention: A Methodological Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- The EMERALD (Enabling Mobilization, Empowerment, Risk Reduction, and Lasting Dignity) Study: Protocol for the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Community-Based Combination HIV Prevention Intervention for Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland.JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
- The global response and unmet actions for HIV and sex workers.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Review
- Article
- Gonorrhea, Chlamydia and HIV incidence among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin: A longitudinal study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Two cross-sectional studies in south India assessing the effect of an HIV prevention programme for female sex workers on reducing syphilis among their clients.Sexually transmitted infections · 2014Article
- HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in India: national scenario of an unfinished agenda.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs one way of assessing the impact of Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, we examined the association between HIV prevention program indicators and changes in HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) between 2005 and 2009.
methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis from 2 large cross-sectional surveys (2005-2006 and 2008-2009) across 24 districts in south India (n = 11,000 per round). A random-effect multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed using HIV as the outcome, with individual independent variables (from both surveys) at level 1 and district-level FSW-specific program indicators and contextual variables at level 2. Program indicators included their 2006 value, the difference in their values between 2008 and 2006, and the interaction between this difference and study round.
resultsHIV prevalence among FSWs decreased from 17.0% to 14.2% (P < 0.001). This decline varied significantly (P = 0.006) across levels of difference in program coverage (% of FSWs contacted by the program in a given year). Odds ratios comparing HIV prevalence between rounds changed with the level of increase in coverage and were statistically significant with coverage increase ≥ quartile (Q) 1: odds ratio, 0.85 at Q1; 0.78 at Q2; 0.66 at Q3; and 0.51 at Q4.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that increased program coverage was associated with declining HIV prevalence among FSWs covered by the Avahan program. The triangulation of our results with those from other approaches used in evaluating Avahan suggests a major impact of this intervention on the HIV epidemic in southern India.
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