ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
Medication use in pregnancy in relation to the risk of isolated clubfoot in offspring.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes after using ondansetron during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal Use of Opioids During Pregnancy and Congenital Malformations: A Systematic Review.Pediatrics · 2017Pooled it
- Risks Associated With Smallpox Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2015Pooled it
- A Scoping Review of 5-HTPharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Prescribed opioid analgesics in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies: a population-based cohort study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Investigating the efficacy and safety of metronidazole during pregnancy; A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2021Review
- Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Potential Pathway Biomarkers and Their Interactions for Clubfoot.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Lamotrigine use in pregnancy and risk of orofacial cleft and other congenital anomalies.Neurology · 2016Article
- Prescription Opioids in Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.Journal of pediatric genetics · 2015Article
- Maternal cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption in relation to risk of clubfoot.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clubfoot, a common major structural malformation, develops early in gestation. Epidemiologic studies have identified higher risks among boys, first-born children, and babies with a family history of clubfoot, but studies of risks associated with maternal exposures are lacking. We conducted the first large-scale, population-based, case-control study of clubfoot with detailed information on maternal medication use in pregnancy. Study subjects were ascertained from birth defect registries in Massachusetts, New York, and North Carolina during 2007-2011. Cases were 646 mothers of children with clubfoot without other major structural malformations (i.e., isolated clubfoot); controls were mothers of 2,037 children born without major malformations. Mothers were interviewed within 12 months of delivery about medication use, including product, timing, and frequency. Odds ratios were estimated for exposure to 27 medications in pregnancy months 2-4 after adjustment for study site, infant sex, first-born status, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), and smoking. Odds ratios were less than 1.20 for 14 of the medications; of the remainder, most odds ratios were only slightly elevated (range, 1.21-1.66), with wide confidence intervals. The use of antiviral drugs was more common in clubfoot cases than in controls (odds ratio = 4.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.52, 11.73). Most of these results are new findings and require confirmation in other studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.