ArticleACS nano2014
Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles as carriers for nucleus-based gene therapy due to size-dependent nuclear entry.
Article in ACS nano, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 426 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analyzing Molecular Determinants of Nanodrugs' Cytotoxic Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- New approach methodologies in nanomedicine: bridging the gap betweenChemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- Size-Dependent Neutralization Efficacy of Nanodecoys Against SARS-CoV-2 Mimics in Mammalian Cell Infection Models.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Engineering exosomes for cancer therapy - Modification technologies and subcellular targeting strategies: A review.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Uptake of gold nanoparticles in HeLa cells observed by confocal microscopy shows dependency on particle size and shape.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2026Article
- Surface-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering and fluorescence probing of plasmonic nanoparticles in cellular environments: insights into their spatial distribution and aggregation.Nanoscale advances · 2026Article
- Tumor radiosensitization with gold nanoparticles: evolving strategies to improve tumoral gold uptake and catalyze future clinical translation.ACS nano medicine · 2026Article
- Size-Dependent Ultrasound Activation of Thrombin Catalytic Activity by Mechano-Nanoswitches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nanoscale biointerfaces in inter-organelle communication: membrane contact sites, organelle trafficking, and cell fate control.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Cancer Therapy with Polymeric Nanocarriers and the Transition to Targeted Cancer Therapy: Advances and Future Directions.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles as "Three-in-One" Enzyme-Mimicking Nanocatalysts for Combined Sonodynamic/Catalytic Therapy in Breast Cancer.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Rational Design and Applications of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2025Review
- Nanocarrier-Based Systems for Targeted Delivery: Current Challenges and Future Directions.MedComm · 2025Review
- A Modular Solid Phase Synthesis Approach for Glycocalix[4]Arene Derivatives and Their Multivalent Presentation on Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Intracellular redistribution of cell-penetrating peptide p28: A mechanism for enhanced anti-cancer activity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Understanding the Mechanism of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review.Small science · 2025Review
- The nano-paradox: addressing nanotoxicity for sustainable agriculture, circular economy and SDGs.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Emerging magic bullet: subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials: innovative design and advanced application in biomedicine, catalysis and electronics.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species for Radiotherapy and Phototherapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the size-dependent penetration ability of gold nanoparticles and the potential application of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles for intranucleus delivery and therapy. We synthesized gold nanoparticles with diameters of 2, 6, 10, and 16 nm and compared their intracellular distribution in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm (2 and 6 nm) could enter the nucleus, whereas larger ones (10 and 16 nm) were found only in the cytoplasm. We then investigated the possibility of using ultrasmall 2 nm nanoparticles as carriers for nuclear delivery of a triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) that binds to the c-myc promoter. Compared to free TFO, the nanoparticle-conjugated TFO was more effective at reducing c-myc RNA and c-myc protein, which resulted in reduced cell viability. Our result demonstrated that the entry of gold nanoparticles into the cell nucleus is critically dependent on the size of the nanoparticles. We developed a strategy for regulating gene expression, by directly delivering TFOs into the nucleus using ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. More importantly, guidelines were provided to choose appropriate nanocarriers for different biomedical purposes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.