ArticleAmino acids2014
Spermidine, a sensor for antizyme 1 expression regulates intracellular polyamine homeostasis.
Article in Amino acids, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive crosstalk between polyamine metabolism, translation, and autophagy sustains energy homeostasis in mammals during starvation: a scoping review.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Genetically encoded fluorescent reporter for polyamines.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Possible Role of Cellular Polyamine Metabolism in Neuronal Apoptosis.Current medical science · 2024Article
- Uptake of Biotinylated Spermine in Astrocytes: Effect of Cx43 siRNA, HIV-Tat Protein and Polyamine Transport Inhibitor on Polyamine Uptake.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in the mouse hypothalamus.Open life sciences · 2021Article
- Upregulation of Polyamine Transport in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Oxidative degradation of polyamines by serum supplement causes cytotoxicity on cultured cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Soft TCPTP Agonism-Novel Target to Rescue Airway Epithelial Integrity by Exogenous Spermidine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2016Article
- Interaction of polyamines and mTOR signaling in the synthesis of antizyme (AZ).Cellular signalling · 2015Article
- Polyamine-independent Expression of Caenorhabditis elegans Antizyme.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although intracellular polyamine levels are highly regulated, it is unclear whether intracellular putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), or spermine (SPM) levels act as a sensor to regulate their synthesis or uptake. Polyamines have been shown to induce AZ1 expression through a unique +1 frameshifting mechanism. However, under physiological conditions which particular polyamine induces AZ1, and thereby ODC activity, is unknown due to their inter-conversion. In this study we demonstrate that SPD regulates AZ1 expression under physiological conditions in IEC-6 cells. PUT and SPD showed potent induction of AZ1 within 4 h in serum-starved confluent cells grown in DMEM (control) medium. Unlike control cells, PUT failed to induce AZ1 in cells grown in DFMO containing medium; however, SPD caused a robust AZ1 induction in these cells. SPM showed very little effect on AZ1 expression in both the control and polyamine-depleted cells. Only SPD induced AZ1 when S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and/or ODC were inhibited. Surprisingly, addition of DENSpm along with DFMO restored AZ1 induction by putrescine in polyamine-depleted cells suggesting that the increased SSAT activity in response to DENSpm converted SPM to SPD, leading to the expression of AZ1. This study shows that intracellular SPD levels controls AZ1 synthesis.
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