SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2014
Modifiers of cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 104 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Hereditary genetic testing and its application in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of breast cancer].Magyar onkologia · 2025Guideline
- Contraceptives and cancer risks in BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2023Pooled it
- Use of oral contraceptives in BRCA mutation carriers and risk for ovarian and breast cancer: a systematic review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of BRCA mutations in ovarian cancer: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status--a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2015Pooled it
- Hormonal contraceptives and cancer risk in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Review
- Dissecting the mechanistic actions of kaempferol in breast and ovarian cancers: pathway-level insights and translational potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Health Behaviors and Cancer Diagnosis Among Individuals with Pathogenic Variants Associated with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer or Lynch Syndrome.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the Microbiome in Breast Cancer: The Role ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Radiation-guided nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in primary and metastatic BRCA1-deficient tumors via immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) in Risk-Reducing Gynecologic Cancer Surgery: A New Frontier in Hereditary Cancer Prevention.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Personality traits of women with hereditary risk for breast/ovarian cancer versus obstetric history and cancer preventive behaviors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pregnancy after breast cancer: latest evidence and practical considerations.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Early breast cancer in youngTherapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- BRCA1/2 Mutations and Breast/Ovarian Cancer Risk: A New Insights Review.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Gut and oral microbiota in gynecological cancers: interaction, mechanism, and therapeutic value.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Review
- Association between breastfeeding, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Review
- Breast cancer risk and prevention in 2024: An overview from the Breast Cancer UK - Breast Cancer Prevention Conference.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Pregnancy-Related Factors and Breast Cancer Risk for Women Across a Range of Familial Risk.JAMA network open · 2024Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is substantial variability in cancer risk in women who have inherited a BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation. Numerous factors have been hypothesized to modify these risks, but studies are of variable quality, and it remains unclear which of these may be of value in clinical risk assessment.
methodsPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published through September 2013. Fixed effects meta-analysis was done using the hazard ratios and/or odds ratios to estimate the pooled effect estimates (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to identify factors that are associated with cancer risk modification in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
resultsWe identified 44 nonoverlapping studies that met predefined quality criteria. Sufficient evidence is available to make clinically relevant inferences about a number of cancer risk modifiers. The only variable examined that produced a probable association was late age at first live birth, a meta-analysis showed a decrease in the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers with women aged 30 years or older vs. women younger than 30 years (ES = 0.65; 95% CI =0.42 to 0.99). The same was shown for women aged 25 to 29 years versus those aged less than 25 years (ES = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.99). Breastfeeding and tubal ligation were associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers; oral contraceptives were associated with reduced risk among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Smoking was associated with increased breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers only.
conclusionsData assessing many potential risk modifiers are inadequate, and many have not been externally validated. Although additional studies are required to confirm some associations, sufficient information is available for some risk factors to be used in risk counseling or lifestyle modification to minimize cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.