ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Urinary tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) as a biomarker of exposure to the flame retardant mixture Firemaster® 550.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-specific disruption of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) density in the social brain neural network by Firemaster 550.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Association between TBPH exposure, increased MMP9 expression, and atherosclerosis: evidence from integrated network analysis andFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Flame Retardant Toxicity and Their Impacts on Anxiety and Cognition in the Brain.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Children's exposure to brominated flame retardants in the home: The TESIE study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Uncovering the common factors of chemical exposure and behavior: Evaluating behavioral effects across a testing battery using factor analysis.Neurotoxicology · 2023Article
- Gestational exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) disrupts the placenta-brain axis in a socially monogamous rodent species, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster).Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2023Article
- Article
- Skeletal effects following developmental flame-retardant exposure are specific to sex and chemical class in the adult Wistar rat.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Article
- Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions.Environment international · 2022Review
- Article
- Urinary Concentrations of Triclosan, Bisphenol A, and Brominated Flame Retardants and the Association of Triclosan with Demographic Characteristics and Body Fatness among Women with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure during the perinatal period impacts partner preference behavior and nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron electrophysiology in adult male and female prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster.Hormones and behavior · 2021Article
- Sex-specific Disruption of the Prairie Vole Hypothalamus by Developmental Exposure to a Flame Retardant Mixture.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Perinatal exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM550), brominated or organophosphate flame retardants produces sex and compound specific effects on adult Wistar rat socioemotional behavior.Hormones and behavior · 2020Article
- Maternal urinary concentrations of organophosphate ester metabolites: associations with gestational weight gain, early life anthropometry, and infant eating behaviors among mothers-infant pairs in Rhode Island.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
- Opportunities for evaluating chemical exposures and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2020Review
- Developmental Exposure to the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster 550 Compromises Adult Bone Integrity in Male but not Female Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Concentrations and loadings of organophosphate and replacement brominated flame retardants in house dust from the home study during the PBDE phase-out.Chemosphere · 2020Article
- Intervention to reduce gymnast exposure to flame retardants from pit foam: A case study.Environment international · 2019Article
- Flame retardant exposure assessment: findings from a behavioral intervention study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFiremaster® 550 (FM550) is commonly added to residential furniture to reduce its flammability. Recent toxicological evidence suggests that FM550 may be endocrine disrupting and obesogenic.
objectivesOur objectives were to develop methods to assess exposure to FM550 in human populations and to identify potential routes of exposure.
methodsUsing mass spectrometry methods, we developed a method to measure 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA), a urinary metabolite of the major brominated FM550 component 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB). The method was applied to a cohort of adult volunteers (n = 64). Participants completed questionnaires, provided urine and handwipe samples, and collected dust samples from their homes. We measured TBB and the other major brominated FM550 component, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), in paired dust and handwipe samples.
resultsTBBA was detected in 72.4% of urine samples. Although TBBA is a rapidly formed metabolite, analyses indicated moderate temporal reliability (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.46, 0.66). TBB and TBPH were detected frequently in dust samples [geometric mean (GM) = 315.1 and 364.7 ng/g, respectively] and in handwipes (GM = 31.4 and 23.4 ng, respectively). Levels of TBB and TBPH in dust were positively correlated with levels in handwipes. In addition, levels of TBB in handwipes were positively correlated with urinary TBBA. Results suggest frequent hand washing may reduce the mass of TBB on participants' hands and reduce urinary TBBA levels.
conclusionsCumulatively, our data indicate that exposures to FM550 are widespread and that the home environment may be an important source of exposure. Urinary TBBA provides a potentially useful biomarker of FM550 exposure for epidemiologic studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.