ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2014
Effect of medications on physical function and cognition in nursing home residents with dementia.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do antipsychotics lead to cognitive impairment in dementia? A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2017Pooled it
- Associations of depressive symptoms and antidepressant medication use with physical function among middle-aged adults: Results from the CARDIA Function study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Antidepressant use and cognitive decline in patients with dementia: a national cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Psilocybin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Identifying predictors of cognitive decline in long-term care: a scoping review.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Delirium, changes in cognitive function, and risk of diagnosed dementia after kidney transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis and Personalized Interventions for Pharmacological Treatment-Resistant Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Using Medicare claims in identifying Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2020Article
- Risk for Health Events After Deprescribing Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Nursing Home Residents With Severe Dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2020Article
- Impact of deprescribing AChEIs on aggressive behaviors and antipsychotic prescribing.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2020Article
- Promoting Recovery in Mental Illness: The Perspectives of Patients, Caregivers, and Community Members in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Psychiatry journal · 2020Article
- Long-Term Care Residents' Geriatric Syndromes at Admission and Disablement Over Time: An Observational Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Observational
- Impact of Antidepressant Use on the Trajectory of Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications.CNS drugs · 2019Review
- The Impact of Antipsychotic Drugs on Long-term Care, Nursing Home Admission, and Death in Dementia Patients.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2018Article
- Reliability and Validity of the Care Plan Checklist for Evidence of Person-Centered Approaches for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms Associated With Dementia.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2018Article
- Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease among Older Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017Article
- Disability in long-term care residents explained by prevalent geriatric syndromes, not long-term care home characteristics: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2017Article
- A Comparison of Sex Differences in Psychotropic Medication Use in Older People with Alzheimer's Disease in the US and Finland.Drugs & aging · 2017Article
- A Review of Adverse Outcomes Associated with Psychoactive Drug Use in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia.Drugs & aging · 2016Review
- Pilot Testing of the EIT-4-BPSD Intervention.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the effectiveness of medications used in the management of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) on cognition and activity of daily living (ADL) trajectories and to determine whether sex modifies these effects.
designTwo-year (2007-2008) longitudinal study.
settingMedicare enrollment and claims data linked to the Minimum Dataset 2.0.
participantsOlder nursing home (NH) residents with newly diagnosed ADRD (n = 18,950). MEASUREMENTS: Exposures included four medication classes: antidementia medications (ADMs), antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Outcomes included ADLs and cognition (Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS)). Marginal structural models were employed to account for time-dependent confounding.
resultsThe mean age was 83.6, and 76% of the sample was female. Baseline use of ADMs was 15%, antidepressants was 40%, antipsychotics was 13%, and mood stabilizers was 3%. Mean baseline ADL and CPS scores were 16.6 and 2.1, respectively. ADM use was not associated with change in ADLs over time but was associated with a slower CPS decline (slope difference: -0.09 points/year, 99% confidence interval (CI) = -0.14 to -0.03). Antidepressant use was associated with slower declines in ADL (slope difference: -0.36 points/year, 99% CI = -0.58 to -0.14) and CPS (slope difference: -0.12 points/year, 99% CI = -0.17 to -0.08). Sex modified the effect of both antipsychotic and mood stabilizer use on ADLs; female users declined most quickly. Antipsychotic use was associated with slower CPS decline (slope difference: -0.11 points/year, 99% CI = -0.17 to -0.06), whereas mood stabilizer use had no effect.
conclusionDespite the observed statistically significantly slower declines in cognition with ADMs, antidepressants, and antipsychotics and the slower ADL decline found with antidepressants, it is unlikely that these benefits are of clinical significance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.