ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2014
Nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors differentially modulate craving, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow as measured with arterial spin labeling.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular impact of nicotine and smoking exposure on the developing and adult mouse brain.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Impaired insight in schizophrenia is associated with higher frontoparietal cerebral blood flow: an arterial spin labeling study.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- Resting-state functional connectivity and structural differences between smokers and healthy non-smokers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Non-Nicotinic E-Cigarettes to Reduce Cue- and Abstinence-Induced Cigarette Craving in Non-Treatment Seeking Daily Dependent Smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Cigarette smoking and cerebral blood flow in a cohort of middle-aged adults.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2019Article
- Tobacco Smoking and Brain Endogenous Opioid Release: More Than Nicotine Alone.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Cigarette smoking and gray matter brain volumes in middle age adults: the CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Sex Differences in Subjective Responses To Moderate Versus Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Nicotine Abstinence Influences the Calculation of Salience in Discrete Insular Circuits.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Article
- Smokers' Neurological Responses to Novel and Repeated Health Warning Labels (HWLs) From Cigarette Packages.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Cigarette smoking is associated with amplified age-related volume loss in subcortical brain regions.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- An Inventory of Methods for the Assessment of Additive Increased Addictiveness of Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Review
- The effects of nicotine and non-nicotine smoking factors on working memory and associated brain function.Addiction biology · 2016Article
- Brain Anatomy in Latino Farmworkers Exposed to Pesticides and Nicotine.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2016Article
- Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Review
- Comparison of Regional Brain Perfusion Levels in Chronically Smoking and Non-Smoking Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking cessation results in withdrawal symptoms such as craving and negative mood that may contribute to lapse and relapse. Little is known regarding whether these symptoms are associated with the nicotine or non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke. Using arterial spin labeling, we measured resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 29 adult smokers across four conditions: (1) nicotine patch+denicotinized cigarette smoking, (2) nicotine patch+abstinence from smoking, (3) placebo patch+denicotinized cigarette smoking, and (4) placebo patch+abstinence from smoking. We found that changes in self-reported craving positively correlated with changes in CBF from the denicotinized cigarette smoking conditions to the abstinent conditions. These correlations were found in several regions throughout the brain. Self-reported craving also increased from the nicotine to the placebo conditions, but had a minimal relationship with changes in CBF. The results of this study suggest that the non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke significantly impact withdrawal symptoms and associated brain areas, independently of the effects of nicotine. As such, the effects of non-nicotine factors are important to consider in the design and development of smoking cessation interventions and tobacco regulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.