SynthesisPediatrics2014
Stimulant treatment of ADHD and cigarette smoking: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Misuse of stimulant medication among college students: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2015Pooled it
- Integrating Tobacco Prevention Skills into an Evidence-Based Intervention for Adolescents with ADHD: Results from a Pilot Efficacy Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2020Trial
- Remote monitoring of wide-ranging real-world changes in adults following ADHD medication initiation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effects of initial nicotine exposure on cognition and nicotine reinforcement among non-smoking young adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Observational
- A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Review
- Effects of adolescent methylphenidate administration on methamphetamine conditioned place preference in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examination of potential sex differences.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Psychoactive substance use in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Smoking cessation among people with mental illness: A South African perspective.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2022Article
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2022Review
- Tobacco and ADHD: A Role of MAO-Inhibition in Nicotine Dependence and Alleviation of ADHD Symptoms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Machine-Learning prediction of comorbid substance use disorders in ADHD youth using Swedish registry data.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Article
- Early substance use in the pathway from childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to young adult substance use: Evidence of statistical mediation and substance specificity.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
- Stimulant treatment profiles predicting co-occurring substance use disorders in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- Cigarette Smoking Progression Among Young Adults Diagnosed With ADHD in Childhood: A 16-year Longitudinal Study of Children With and Without ADHD.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Risk-Taking Behavior in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Review of Potential Underlying Mechanisms and of Interventions.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- Oral Methylphenidate Treatment of an Adolescent ADHD Rat Model Does Not Alter Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference during Adulthood: A Negative Report.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2019Article
- Increased Risk of Smoking in Female Adolescents Who Had Childhood ADHD.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Article
- Cigarette smoking and ADHD: An examination of prognostically relevant smoking behaviors among adolescents and young adults.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveIndividuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a significantly higher risk of cigarette smoking. The nature of the relationship between smoking and psychostimulant medications commonly used to treat ADHD is controversial. Our objective was to examine the relationship between stimulant treatment of ADHD and cigarette smoking by using meta-analysis, and to identify study and sample characteristics that moderate this relationship.
methodsLiterature searches on PubMed and PsycInfo databases identified published studies for inclusion. Included studies compared cigarette smoking outcomes for stimulant-treated and untreated ADHD individuals. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria, and 14 (total n = 2360) contained sufficient statistical information for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Two authors extracted odds ratios or frequencies of smokers in the treatment or nontreatment groups, and coded study characteristics including sample source, percentage of male participants, follow-up length, treatment consistency, type of smoking measure, prospective study, and controlling for comorbidities.
resultsMeta-analysis revealed a significant association between stimulant treatment and lower smoking rates. Meta-regression indicated that effect sizes were larger for studies that used clinical samples, included more women, measured smoking in adolescence rather than adulthood, conceptualized stimulant treatment as consistent over time, and accounted for comorbid conduct disorder.
conclusionsNearly all studies were naturalistic, precluding causal inferences. Available data were insufficient to examine additional influences of patient demographics, treatment effectiveness, or other comorbidities. Consistent stimulant treatment of ADHD may reduce smoking risk; the effect was larger in samples with more severe psychopathology. Implications for further research, treatment of ADHD, and smoking prevention are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.