ArticleCurrent microbiology2014
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus responses to spermine stress.
Article in Current microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polyamines as Gatekeepers of Virus Replication and Central Nervous System Homeostasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- GlnA3Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Polytrimethylenimines: Highly Potent Antibacterial Agents with Activity and Toxicity Modulated by the Polymer Molecular Weight.Biomacromolecules · 2023Article
- Polyamine and Ethanolamine Metabolism in Bacteria as an Important Component of Nitrogen Assimilation for Survival and Pathogenicity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- A Second Gamma-Glutamylpolyamine Synthetase, GlnA2, Is Involved in Polyamine Catabolism inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Coexistence with Pseudomonas aeruginosa alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome, antibiotic resistance and internalization into epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Respiration and Small Colony Variants ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Spermine and oxacillin stress response on the cell wall synthesis and the global gene expression analysis in Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus.Genes & genomics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spermine (Spm), a potent bactericidal polyamine, exerts a strong synergistic effect with β-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To explore the Spm-based antibacterial targets in S. aureus, time course-dependent transcriptome analysis was conducted on Mu50 (MRSA) in the absence and presence of Spm. Genes in the sigB regulon and most ATP-producing pathways were found down-regulated when exposure to high dose Spm. In contrast, a number of genes for iron acquisition and regulation showed significant induction, indicating a specific connection between Spm and iron-depletion. The tetM gene for tetracycline (Tc) resistance exhibited most significant fold change among the listed genes. It was specifically upregulated by Tc and Spm but not by other ribosome-targeted drugs or other polyamines; however, such induction of tetM cannot confer resistance to Spm. A set of genes for osmotic balance, including kdpABCDE for potassium ion uptake and regulation, was also induced by Spm stress. Addition of KCl or NaCl, but not high concentration sucrose, was found to increase Spm MIC over 30-fold. In summary, transcriptome analysis demonstrated a specific pattern of response upon Spm exposure, suggesting Spm may alter the intracellular iron status and suppress the SigB regulon to exert its toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.