Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24814565›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014

Are there income differences in the impact of a national reimbursement policy for smoking cessation treatment and accompanying media attention? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey.

Gera E Nagelhout, Karin Hummel, Marc C Willemsen, Mohammad Siahpush, Anton E Kunst, Hein de Vries, Geoffrey T Fong, Bas van den Putte

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In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gera E NagelhoutDepartment of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alliance Smokefree Holland, The Hague, the Netherlands. Electronic address: Gera.Nagelhout@alliantieNR.nl.
Karin HummelDepartment of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Marc C WillemsenDepartment of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alliance Smokefree Holland, The Hague, the Netherlands.
Mohammad SiahpushDepartment of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Anton E KunstDepartment of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hein de VriesDepartment of Health Promotion, Maastricht University (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Geoffrey T FongDepartment of Psychology and School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Bas van den PutteDepartment of Communication, University of Amsterdam (ASCoR), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Funding

Effects of Graphic Warning Labels on Adolescent SmokingR01CA090955 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO · PI FONG, GEOFFREY T · 2002 to 2004
$369k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA090955
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study examined possible income differences in the impact of a national reimbursement policy for smoking cessation treatment and accompanying media attention in the Netherlands in 2011.

methodsWe used three waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey, a nationally representative longitudinal sample of smokers aged 15 years and older (n=1912). The main analyses tested trends and income differences in outcome measures (smokers' quit attempt rates, use of behavioral counseling, use of cessation medications, and quit success) and awareness variables (awareness of reimbursement possibilities, the media campaign, medications advertisements and other media attention) with generalized estimating equations analyses.

resultsIn the first half of 2011, there was a significant increase in quit attempts (odds ratio (OR)=2.02, p<0.001) and quit success (OR=1.47, p<0.001). Use of counseling and medications remained stable at 3% of all smokers in this period. Awareness of reimbursement possibilities increased from 11% to 42% (OR=6.38, p<0.001). Only awareness of the media campaign was associated with more quit attempts at the follow-up survey (OR=1.95, p<0.001). Results were not different according to smokers' income level.

conclusionsThe Dutch reimbursement policy with accompanying media attention was followed by an increase in quit attempts and quit success, but use of cessation treatment remained stable. The impact of the policy and media attention did not seem to have decreased or increased socioeconomic inequalities in quit attempts, use of cessation treatment, or quit success.

Indexed as

Communications MediaAdolescentAdultFemaleHealth Care SurveysHumansIncomeInsurance, Health, ReimbursementMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsSmokingSmoking CessationSocioeconomic FactorsTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultNetherlandsPublic policyReimbursementSmoking cessationSocial class

Identifiers

PMID24814565
PMCPMC4420147

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.