ArticleNature medicine2014
Lung microbiota promotes tolerance to allergens in neonates via PD-L1.
Article in Nature medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 336 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
336 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 591 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research landscape and emerging trends of respiratory microbiota and asthma: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the human upper respiratory tract microbiome reveals robust taxonomic associations with health and disease.BMC biology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut-lung axis in chronic respiratory diseases: a narrative review of emerging insights.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Peri-weaning, diet-induced activation of an IFNγ-mediated regulatory circuit promotes cDC1 maturation and CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Perinatal exposures and upper respiratory tract microbiome composition are associated with age at first acute otitis media episode.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Neonatal liver niches program T cell tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Abnormal intestinal microbial colonization in prenatally stressed offspring is related to lung and intestinal cytokine expression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Importance of human microbiome: an update.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Review
- The lung microbiome and asthma: from inflammatory phenotype differentiation to microbe-based immunomodulatory strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The neonatal lung microbiome: a dynamic determinant of respiratory health, disease, and novel therapeutics.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between the microbiome and the mucosal immunoglobulin A system in the lung, in health and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases by tuning immune response: insight from host-microbial crosstalk.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Omics Approaches to Unraveling the Complexity of the Gut-Lung Axis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Progressive microbial alterations in the human gut and lung across early life: implications for translational medicine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Respiratory bacteriome and its predicted functional profiles in blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota Modulation in Asthma-An In Vitro Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Early-life stromal niches orchestrate B lymphopoiesis at the brain's borders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microbial influx during early postnatal life fortifies the ocular surface and guards against allergic eye disease in mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Treatment of NSCLC after chemoimmunotherapy - are we making headway?Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
276 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiological data point toward a critical period in early life during which environmental cues can set an individual on a trajectory toward respiratory health or disease. The neonatal immune system matures during this period, although little is known about the signals that lead to its maturation. Here we report that the formation of the lung microbiota is a key parameter in this process. Immediately following birth, neonatal mice were prone to develop exaggerated airway eosinophilia, release type 2 helper T cell cytokines and exhibit airway hyper-responsiveness following exposure to house dust mite allergens, even though their lungs harbored high numbers of natural CD4(+)Foxp3(+)CD25(+)Helios(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. During the first 2 weeks after birth, the bacterial load in the lungs increased, and representation of the bacterial phyla shifts from a predominance of Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes towards Bacteroidetes. The changes in the microbiota were associated with decreased aeroallergen responsiveness and the emergence of a Helios(-) Treg cell subset that required interaction with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) for development. Absence of microbial colonization(10) or blockade of PD-L1 during the first 2 weeks postpartum maintained exaggerated responsiveness to allergens through to adulthood. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells from adult mice to neonates before aeroallergen exposure ameliorated disease. Thus, formation of the airway microbiota induces regulatory cells early in life, which, when dysregulated, can lead to sustained susceptibility to allergic airway inflammation in adulthood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.