ArticleInfectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology2014
Determinants of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Article in Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Review
- Perspectives on Vaginal Ecology and Management of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis and antifungal resistance in HIV-1 positive women at Mbarara city health centre IV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prolongation of Acid-Fast Bacilli Sputum Smear Positivity in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Importance of Candida infection and fluconazole resistance in women with vaginal discharge syndrome in Namibia.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Identification ofReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2021Article
- Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections in an HIV-Positive Cohort.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- The Vaginal Virome-Balancing Female Genital Tract Bacteriome, Mucosal Immunity, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes?Viruses · 2020Review
- Genotypic Variation inInfectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Article
- Mucosal immunity in the female genital tract, HIV/AIDS.BioMed research international · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe sought to determine the association between HIV-induced immunosuppression, virologic correlates, and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).
methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study, where HIV infected and uninfected women were studied with VVC being the primary outcome. Ninety-seven HIV-infected and 101 HIV-uninfected women were enrolled between June and December 2011. Cases of VVC were confirmed. HIV RNA load was determined by RT-PCR and CD4 counts were obtained from medical records.
resultsFifty-two of 97 (53.6%) HIV-infected and 38/101 (37.6%) HIV-uninfected women were diagnosed with VVC (P = 0.032). The relative risk for VVC amongst HIV-infected patients was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.04-2 P = 0.024). Cases of VVC increased at CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells/mm(3) (P < 0.0001) and plasma HIV RNA load above 10 000 copies/mL (P < 0.0001). VVC was associated with increased genital shedding of HIV (P = 0.002), and there was a linear correlation between plasma HIV load and genital HIV shedding (r = 0.540; R (2) = 0.292; P < 0.0001). Women on HAART were 4-fold less likely (P = 0.029) to develop VVC.
conclusionCD4 counts below 200 cells/mm(3) and plasma HIV loads ≥10 000 copies/mL were significantly associated with VVC.
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