Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24811196›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2014

Evolution of direct costs in the first years of rheumatoid arthritis: impact of early versus late biologic initiation--an economic analysis based on the ESPOIR cohort.

Karine Chevreul, Georges Haour, Sandy Lucier, Stephanie Harvard, Marie-Laure Laroche, Xavier Mariette, Alain Saraux, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Francis Guillemin, Bruno Fautrel

Abstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Costs associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Italy: past, present, and future.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2016
    Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Karine ChevreulURC Eco Île-de-France (AP-HP), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France; Inserm, ECEVE, U1123, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMRS 1123, Paris, France.
Georges HaourURC Eco Île-de-France (AP-HP), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
Sandy LucierURC Eco Île-de-France (AP-HP), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
Stephanie HarvardURC Eco Île-de-France (AP-HP), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France; Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) - Paris 6, UPMC GRC 08, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Paris, France.
Marie-Laure LarochePharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Centre of Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacoepidemiology CHU, Limoges, France; Limoges University, EA 6310 HAVAE, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France.
Xavier MarietteParis XI University, Department of Rheumatology, Bicêtre University Hospital (AP-HP), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Alain SarauxBrest University, Department of Rheumatology, La Cavale Blanche Hospital, Brest, France.
Isabelle Durand-ZaleskiURC Eco Île-de-France (AP-HP), Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France; Inserm, ECEVE, U1123, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMRS 1123, Paris, France; Department of Public Health, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevilier Hospitals (AP-HP), Créteil, France.
Francis GuilleminLorraine University, EA 4360 APEMAC; INSERM CIC-EC CIE6, Nancy, France.
Bruno FautrelPierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) - Paris 6, UPMC GRC 08, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Rheumatology, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo estimate annual direct costs of early RA by resource component in an inception cohort, with reference to four distinct treatment strategies: no disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), synthetic DMARDs only, biologic DMARDs in the first year ('first-year biologic', FYB), and biologic DMARDs from the second year after inclusion ('later-year biologic', LYB); to determine predictors of total and non-DMARD related costs.

methodsThe ESPOIR cohort is a French multicentric, prospective study of 813 patients with early arthritis. Data assessing RA-related resource utilisation and disease characteristics were collected at baseline, biannually during the first two years and annually thereafter. Costs predictors were determined by generalised linear mixed analyses.

resultsOver the 4-year follow-up, mean annual direct total costs per treatment strategy group were €3,612 for all patients and €998, €1,922, €14,791, €8,477 respectively for no DMARDs, synthetic DMARDs only, FYB and LYB users. The main predictors of higher costs were biologic use and higher Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores at baseline. Being a biologic user led to a higher total cost (FYB Rate Ratio (RR) 7.22, [95% CI 5.59-9.31]; LYB RR 4.39, [95% CI 3.58-5.39]) compared to non-biologic users. Only LYB increased non-DMARD related costs compared to all other patients by 60%.

conclusionsFYB users incurred the highest levels of total costs, while their non-DMARD related costs remained similar to non-biologic users, possibly reflecting better RA control.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidBiological TherapyCohort StudiesCosts and Cost AnalysisFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID24811196
PMCPMC4014570

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.