ArticleCell death & disease2014
Zeaxanthin induces Nrf2-mediated phase II enzymes in protection of cell death.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lute-GenAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Zeaxanthin Mitigates Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Retinal Toxicity and Metabolic Reprogramming in ARPE-19 Cells.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Modulation of Autophagy by Bioactive Natural Products: Implications for Human Aging and Longevity.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Non-invasive pharmacological advances in early retinopathy treatment: bioactive herbal compounds, polymer delivery systems, and computational bioprospecting of functional targets.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- The impact of zeaxanthin and lycopene on fatty acid beta-oxidation in isolated peroxisomes from frozen livers of obese rats.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Nrf2 signaling in bone health: unlocking new avenues for osteoporosis management.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Repurposing Dimethyl Fumarate Targeting Nrf2 to Slow Down the Growth of Areas of Geographic Atrophy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- BlingLifeJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Efficacy of Dietary Intake, Supplementation, and Blood Concentrations of Carotenoids in Cancer Prevention: Insights from an Umbrella Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparative Study of Hydroxytyrosol Acetate and Hydroxytyrosol in Activating Phase II Enzymes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: An Updated Antioxidant Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Low Xanthophylls, Retinol, Lycopene, and Tocopherols in Grey and White Matter of Brains with Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- Ameliorative Effect of Tocotrienols on Perimenopausal-Associated Osteoporosis-A Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Protective Effect of a Water-Soluble Carotenoid-Rich Extract ofNutrients · 2022Article
- The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Induction of the antioxidant defense system using long-chain carotenoids extracted from extreme halophilic archaeon, Halovenus aranensis.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2022Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids.Marine drugs · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zeaxanthin (Zea) is a major carotenoid pigment contained in human retina, and its daily supplementation associated with lower risk of age-related macular degeneration. Despite known property of Zea as an antioxidant, its underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to study the regulation mechanism of Zea on phase II detoxification enzymes. In normal human retinal pigment epithelium cells, Zea promoted the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and induced mRNA and protein expression of phase II enzymes, the induction was suppressed by specific knockdown of Nrf2. Zea also effectively protected against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Glutathione (GSH) as the most important antioxidant was also induced by Zea through Nrf2 activation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas the protective effects of Zea were decimated by inhibition of GSH synthesis. Finally, Zea activated the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathway, whereas only PI3K/Akt activation correlated with phase II enzymes induction and Zea protection. In further in vivo analyses, Zea showed effects of inducing phase II enzymes and increased GSH content, which contributed to the reduced lipid and protein peroxidation in the retina as well as the liver, heart, and serum of the Sprague-Dawley rats. For the first time, Zea is presented as a phase II enzymes inducer instead of being an antioxidant. By activating Nrf2-mediated phase II enzymes, Zea could enhance anti-oxidative capacity and prevent cell death both in vivo and in vitro.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.