ArticleToxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA2014
Comparative effects between electronic and cigarette smoke in human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells.
Article in Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2022Pooled it
- How effective are electronic cigarettes for reducing respiratory and cardiovascular risk in smokers? A systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2020Pooled it
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Altered lung biology of healthy never smokers following acute inhalation of E-cigarettes.Respiratory research · 2018Trial
- A transdisciplinary model to inform randomized clinical trial methods for electronic cigarette evaluation.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Keratinocytes with DNA Aberration Induced by UVB Become Susceptible to Ferroptosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cigarette and e-cigarette smoking as associated factors of gingivitis in 15-year-olds: a cross-sectional study in Poland.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aromatic aldehydes formed during heating of cinnamon-flavored e-liquids drive pro-inflammatory responses in human aortic smooth muscle cells.Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Analysing the acute toxicity of e-cigarette liquids and their vapour on human lung epithelial (A549) cellsToxicology reports · 2025Article
- Impacts of vaping and marijuana use on airway health as determined by exhaled breath condensate (EBC).Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Heavy Metals in Cannabis Vapes and Their Health Implications-A Scoping Review.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Article
- Electronic cigarettes in dermatology: a systematic review of the literature.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2024Review
- Electronic cigarette vapor disrupts key metabolic pathways in human lung epithelial cells.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- The role of acrolein for E-cigarette vapour condensate mediated activation of NADPH oxidase in cultured endothelial cells and macrophages.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Single cell RNA-sequencing of human precision-cut lung slices: A novel approach to study the effect of vaping and viral infection on lung health.Innate immunity · 2023Article
- Red- and Near-Infrared-Excited Autofluorescence as a Marker for Acute Oxidative Stress in Skin Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Ex Vivo and In Vivo.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Electronic Cigarette Exposure Increases the Severity of Influenza a Virus Infection via TRAIL Dysregulation in Human Precision-Cut Lung Slices.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- In Vitro Toxicological Investigation and Risk Assessment of E-Cigarette Aerosols Based on a Novel Solvent-Free Extraction Method.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Electronic Cigarettes: A Narrative Review and Cohort Study of Electronic Cigarette Users in the Otolaryngology Clinic.The Permanente journal · 2022Review
- Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Information about the harmful effects of vaping is sparse and inconsistent, therefore, since the use of electronic cigarettes (e-CIGs) has become increasingly popular as a tool to limit tobacco smoking, it is urgent to establish the toxicity of the commercial e-CIGs. Skin (HaCaT) and lung (A549) cells, the main targets of cigarette smoke (CS), were exposed to e-CIG vapor and CS using an in vitro system. The cytotoxic effect of the exposure was analyzed in both cell types by ultrastructural morphology, Trypan Blue exclusion test and LDH assay. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by the Bio-Plex assay. The cytotoxic components of e-CIG were restrained to the flavoring compound and, to a lesser extent, to nicotine although their effects were less harmful to that of CS. Humectants alone exhibited no cytotoxicity but induced the release of cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators. Based on our results, we can state that exposure to e-CIG vapors results in far less toxic than exposure to CS. In fact, besides the deleterious effect of flavor and nicotine, even the humectants alone are able to evocate cytokines release. This study will hopefully promote the development of safer e-CIGs to help people quit smoking.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.