ArticleStem cells (Dayton, Ohio)2014
Chloroquine eliminates cancer stem cells through deregulation of Jak2 and DNMT1.
Article in Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine in Combination With Taxanes in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Anthracycline-refractory Breast Cancer.Clinical breast cancer · 2021Trial
- ABCG2-autophagy regulatory axis in cancer stem cells: implication in cancer metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy resistance.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Captivating Synergistic, Dose-Dependent Anticancer Effects of Tumor-Regulation Modulators Chloroquine and Ivermectin Completely Abolished by an Opposing Modulator, Deoxycholic Acid, in Hamster Fibrosarcoma: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Literature Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Aberrant STAT3 activation and overproduction of IL-21 in systemic lupus erythematosus: role of miR-155 and miR-21 in target genesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine regulating stem cell fate: Identification and therapeutic potential.Chinese herbal medicines · 2025Review
- Review
- PKD3 localizes to late endosomes to maintain Rab7-dependent endolysosomal homeostasis.iScience · 2025Article
- Translational drugs targeting cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Review
- Anticancer Potential of Myricetin against Huh7- and Hep3B-Derived Liver Cancer Stem Cells through the Regulation of Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Stemness.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Tumors: The Cancer stem cell perspective.Autophagy reports · 2024Article
- Targeting Trop2 by Bruceine D suppresses breast cancer metastasis by blocking Trop2/β-catenin positive feedback loop.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Review
- Chloroquine and Chemotherapeutic Compounds in Experimental Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Chloroquine-induced DNA damage synergizes with DNA repair inhibitors causing cancer cell death.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Potential therapeutic targets of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Molecular targets and therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Repurposing approved non-oncology drugs for cancer therapy: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical prospects.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer stem cells and effects of natural products.Natural product reports · 2023Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to contain a high percentage of CD44(+) /CD24(-/low) cancer stem cells (CSCs), corresponding with a poor prognosis despite systemic chemotherapy. Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial drug, is a lysotropic reagent which inhibits autophagy. CQ was identified as a potential CSC inhibitor through in silico gene expression signature analysis of the CD44(+) /CD24(-/low) CSC population. Autophagy plays a critical role in adaptation to stress conditions in cancer cells, and is related with drug resistance and CSC maintenance. Thus, the objectives of this study were to examine the potential enhanced efficacy arising from addition of CQ to standard chemotherapy (paclitaxel) in TNBC and to identify the mechanism by which CQ eliminates CSCs in TNBCs. Herein, we report that CQ sensitizes TNBC cells to paclitaxel through inhibition of autophagy and reduces the CD44(+) /CD24(-/low) CSC population in both preclinical and clinical settings. Also, we are the first to report a mechanism by which CQ regulates the CSCs in TNBC through inhibition of the Janus-activated kinase 2 (Jak2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway by reducing the expression of Jak2 and DNA methyltransferase 1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.