Individualizing antihypertensive combination therapies: clinical and hemodynamic considerations.

While there are strong trial data to guide the selection of initial hypertension treatment choice and limited data to support second agent choice, beyond the first two agents, subsequent steps are empiric. As medications are added, the resulting polypharmacy may be complex, inefficient and poorly tolerated, resulting in low treatment adherence rates. The selection of antihypertensive drug therapy based on hemodynamic mechanisms is not new but became practical with the availability of noninvasive hemodynamic parameters using impedance cardiography. Individualized therapy based on hormonal or hemodynamic measurements can effectively control hypertension as shown in several small clinical trials. Hemodynamic measurements are obtained quickly, painlessly and can be used in a serial fashion to guide treatment adjustments. Current limitations relate to availability of the measurement device and personnel trained in its use, reimbursement for the measurements, expertise in interpretation of the measurements and systems to adjust medication and repeat measurements in a serial fashion until targets are attained. The potential utility of this approach increases with greater complexity of the medication regimen. Further studies are indicated and may advance options for individualized treatment of hypertensive patients.