ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2014
It is time to regulate carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette tobacco.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Allostatic Load, Genetic Susceptibility, and Liver Cancer Incidence: A Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Nicotine-Mediated Redox and Nitrosative Stress in Cardiorenal Health.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Review
- Removal of Tobacco Specific Carcinogenic Nitrosamines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke and Aqueous SolutionA Review.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Understanding the Interaction Between Prostaglandins and Toll-Like Receptors in Nicotine-Induced Rectal Tumor in Animals.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites in Tissue DNA of Rats Exposed to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and in Lung and Leukocyte DNA of Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Cyanidin-3-Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Estimation of Salivary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a Potential Biomarker in Assessing Progression towards Malignancy: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Smoke-Free Spaces by Smokers: Results from the 2014-2015 Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Inherited alterations of TGF beta signaling components in Appalachian cervical cancers.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of Exposure and Potential Harm among Natural American Spirit Smokers.Tobacco regulatory science · 2019Article
- Video-based kinetic analysis of calcification in live osteogenic human embryonic stem cell cultures reveals the developmentally toxic effect of Snus tobacco extract.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2019Article
- Computational insights into the mutagenicity of two tobacco-derived carcinogenic DNA lesions.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Tobacco carcinogen research to aid understanding of cancer risk and influence policy.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2018Review
- SB431542 inhibited cigarette smoke extract induced invasiveness of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2/MMP3 pathway.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- The epidemiology of lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2018Review
- Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children's hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Article
- Evaluation of modified risk claim advertising formats for Camel Snus.Health education journal · 2017Article
- Cigarette Filter Ventilation and its Relationship to Increasing Rates of Lung Adenocarcinoma.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2017Review
- Pilot in Vivo Structure-Activity Relationship of Dihydromethysticin in Blocking 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-Induced OJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gives the U.S. Food and Drug Administration power to regulate tobacco products. This commentary calls for immediate regulation of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in cigarette tobacco as a logical path to cancer prevention. NNK and NNN, powerful carcinogens in laboratory animals, have been evaluated as "carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. NNK and NNN are present in the tobacco of virtually all marketed cigarettes; levels in cigarette smoke are directly proportional to the amounts in tobacco. The NNK metabolite NNAL, itself a strong carcinogen, is present in the urine of smokers and nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Some of the highest levels of NNK and NNN are found in U.S. products. It is well established that factors such as choice of tobacco blend, agricultural conditions, and processing methods influence levels of NNK and NNN in cigarette tobacco and cigarette smoke. Therefore, it is time to control these factors and produce cigarettes with 100 ppb or less each of NNK and NNN in tobacco, which would result in an approximate 15- to 20-fold reduction of these carcinogens in the mainstream smoke of popular cigarettes sold in the United States.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.