ArticleThe American journal of surgical pathology2014
SALL4 immunoreactivity predicts prognosis in Western hepatocellular carcinoma patients but is a rare event: a study of 236 cases.
Article in The American journal of surgical pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Higher expression of SALL4 predicts poor cancer prognosis: A meta-analysis.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2017Pooled it
- Oncofetal gene SALL4 and prognosis in cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Review
- SALL4 Expression in Epithelial Gastric Cancer: Epigenetic or Epiphenomenon?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Chemerin and Chemokine-like Receptor 1 Expression Are Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in European Patients.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and their cross talks in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Pluripotency Stemness and Cancer: More Questions than Answers.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Up-Regulation of SALL4 Is Associated With Survival and ProgressionFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Lipoprotein-Like Nanoparticle Carrying Small Interfering RNA Against Spalt-Like Transcription Factor 4 Effectively Targets Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Decreases Tumor Burden.Hepatology communications · 2020Article
- Micro-Inversions In Human Cancer Genomes.Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference · 2018Article
- Hepatocellular malignant neoplasm, NOS: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases from a single institution.Histopathology · 2017Article
- Functional and clinical significance of SALL4 in breast cancer.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Review
- Positive immunostaining of Sal-like protein 4 is associated with poor patient survival outcome in the large and undifferentiated Korean hepatocellular carcinoma.Annals of surgical treatment and research · 2016Article
- Oncogenic protein SALL4 and ZNF217 as prognostic indicators in solid cancers: a meta‑analysis of individual studies.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Article
- SALL4 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinomas Is Associated with EpCAM-Positivity and a Poor Prognosis.Journal of pathology and translational medicine · 2015Article
- Undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus: a clinicopathological study of 16 cases.Human pathology · 2015Article
- Clinicopathologic characteristics of SALL4-immunopositive hepatocellular carcinoma.SpringerPlus · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Prognostic biomarkers that stratify patients with cancer are needed. Recent studies from Asia have implicated SALL4, a stem cell marker, as useful in identifying aggressive cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and >50% of the cases tested had upregulation by microarray or dense immunoreactivity. Given the differences in predominant etiologic factors between the Asian and Western HCC, we sought to determine the prevalence of SALL4 immunoreactivity and its clinical relevance in Western HCC patients. We constructed tissue microarrays from 236 adult HCCs. Two cores each of tumor and nontumor tissue were included for each case. SALL4 immunohistochemistry was scored in a semiquantitative manner and the results correlated with recurrence-free and overall survival, in addition to standard demographics. Among the 236 cases, 165 (70.0%) were male. The median age was 59 years (range: 19 to 83 y). The majority (78.4%) of patients were white, followed by African American (15.7%), Asian (3.8%), Hispanic (1.7%), and Native American (0.4%). The majority of patients had hepatitis C (42.8%), followed by alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis B (both 8.9%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (3.8%). SALL4 immunoreactivity was detected in a total of 3 cases (1.3%), and nonreactivity was validated on tissue sections from 73 cases. By univariate analysis, the SALL4-positive cases had significantly higher tumor grade (P=0.0251), more frequent lymphovascular invasion (P=0.0150), and shorter recurrence-free survival (7.90 vs. 57.54 mo; P=0.0115) and overall survival (7.90 vs. 64.87 mo; P=0.0018). Although SALL4 immunoreactivity in Western HCC is correlated with higher grade and poor prognosis, this is a rare event. Therefore, universal application of SALL4 as a biomarker for HCC should be performed with caution.
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