ArticlePloS one2014
Increased inflammatory response in cytomegalovirus seropositive patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04449926 (BCG and Plasma Amyloid in Non-Demented Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BCG and Plasma Amyloid in Non-Demented Adults
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cytomegalovirus-induced T cell responses accelerate Alzheimer's disease progression in mice.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Convergence of neuroinflammation across major neurotropic viral exposomes in AD and ADRD.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Complex Interactions and Implications for Neurological Health.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A review of the roles of pathogens in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- The association of microbial infection and adaptive immune cell activation in Alzheimer's disease.Discovery immunology · 2023Review
- Peripheral inflammation and neurocognitive impairment: correlations, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Effect of Cytomegalovirus Infection on the Central Nervous System: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Links between inflammation and immune functioning with cognitive status among older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Evaluation of BCG Vaccination and Plasma Amyloid: A Prospective, Pilot Study with Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Age-Related Adaptive Immune Changes in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- An Association of Pathogens and Biofilms with Alzheimer's Disease.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Shingles, Zostavax vaccination and risk of developing dementia: a nested case-control study-results from the UK Biobank cohort.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Article
- The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Torque teno virus viral load is related to age, CMV infection and HLA type but not to Alzheimer's disease.PloS one · 2020Article
- Cytokine-Mediated Induction and Regulation of Tissue Damage During Cytomegalovirus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Saponins fromNeural regeneration research · 2017Article
- Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: new insights.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2017Review
- Decreased HHV-6 IgG in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Article
- Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Increased Frequencies of Cytolytic LIR-1+CD8+ T Cells.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with increased local inflammation in the affected brain regions, and in some studies also with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to promote a more effector-oriented phenotype in the T-cell compartment, increasing with age. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AD patients and non-demented (ND) controls. Using a multiplex Luminex xMAP assay targeting GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and TNF-α, cytokine profiles from PBMCs were analysed after stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads, CMV pp65 peptide mix or amyloid β (Aβ) protofibrils, respectively. CMV seropositive AD subjects presented with higher IFN-γ levels after anti-CD3/CD28 and CMV pp65 but not after Aβ stimulation, compared to CMV seropositive ND controls. When analysing IFN-γ response to anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation on a subgroup level, CMV seropositive AD subjects presented with higher levels compared to both CMV seronegative AD and CMV seropositive ND subjects. Taken together, our data from patients with clinically manifest AD suggest a possible role of CMV as an inflammatory promoter in AD immunology. Further studies of AD patients at earlier stages of disease, could provide better insight into the pathophysiology.
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