Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24803331›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2014

Calcium supplement intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in women.

J M Paik, G C Curhan, Q Sun, K M Rexrode, J E Manson, E B Rimm, E N Taylor

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005152 (Nurses' Health Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00005152 active not recruitingnot on this map

Nurses' Health Study (Cardiovascular Component)

TypeobservationalSponsorBrigham and Women's HospitalRan1980 to 2029Enrolled121,700ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Disease, Heart Diseases
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Thalassemia-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review on treatment and brief overview of the disease.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Are Not Associated With Risk of Incident Ischemic Cardiac Events or Death: Findings From the UK Biobank Cohort.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2018
    Trial
  5. Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure: randomised, crossover trial in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017
    Trial
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  16. Calcium supplementation and cardiovascular risk: A rising concern.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2017
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

J M PaikChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, jmpaik@partners.org.
G C Curhan
Q Sun
K M Rexrode
J E Manson
E B Rimm
E N Taylor

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ROSNER, BERNARD A · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
RISK FACTORS FOR CVD IN WOMENR01HL034594 · NHLBI · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI JoAnn Elisabeth Manson, Lu Qi · 1985 to 2026
$13.8M
Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in WomenR01HL088521 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI REXRODE, KATHRYN M · 2008 to 2025
$9.9M
Calcium-phosphorus metabolism and the risk of cardiovascular diseaseR01HL092947 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI TAYLOR, ERIC N · 2009 to 2011
$1.6M
Sex-related differences in incidence rates of nephrolithiasisK24DK091417 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI CURHAN, GARY C. · 2011 to 2020
$1.5M
Novel Risk Factors for Vertebral Fractures in Health and Chronic Kidney DiseaseK23DK100447 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI PAIK, JULIE · 2013 to 2017
$938k
NCI NIH HHS CA087969NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NHLBI NIH HHS HL088521NHLBI NIH HHS HL092947NHLBI NIH HHS HL34594NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL034594NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL088521NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL092947NIDDK NIH HHS DK091417NIDDK NIH HHS DK100447NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK100447NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK091417
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledSome recent reports suggest that calcium supplement use may increase risk of cardiovascular disease. In a prospective cohort study of 74,245 women in the Nurses' Health Study with 24 years of follow-up, we found no independent associations between supplemental calcium intake and risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.

introductionSome recent reports suggest that calcium supplements may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective was to examine the independent associations between calcium supplement use and risk of CVD.

methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of supplemental calcium use and incident CVD in 74,245 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008) free of CVD and cancer at baseline. Calcium supplement intake was assessed every 4 years. Outcomes were incident CHD (nonfatal or fatal MI) and stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), confirmed by medical record review.

resultsDuring 24 years of follow-up, 4,565 cardiovascular events occurred (2,709 CHD and 1,856 strokes). At baseline, women who took calcium supplements had higher levels of physical activity, smoked less, and had lower trans fat intake compared with those who did not take calcium supplements. After multivariable adjustment for age, body mass index, dietary calcium, vitamin D intake, and other CVD risk factors, the relative risk of CVD for women taking >1,000 mg/day of calcium supplements compared with none was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74 to 0.92; p for trend <0.001). For women taking >1,000 mg/day of calcium supplements compared with none, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk for CHD was 0.71 (0.61 to 0.83; p for trend < 0.001) and for stroke was 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21; p for trend = 0.61). The relative risks were similar in analyses limited to non-smokers, women without hypertension, and women who had regular physical exams.

conclusionsOur findings do not support the hypothesis that calcium supplement intake increases CVD risk in women.

Indexed as

AdultBody Mass IndexCalciumCardiovascular DiseasesCoronary DiseaseDietDietary SupplementsDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsStrokeCalcium

Identifiers

PMID24803331
PMCPMC4102630

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.