ArticleAmerican journal of perinatology2015
Diuretic exposure in premature infants from 1997 to 2011.
Article in American journal of perinatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Furosemide Safety in Preterm Infants at Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Acute Responses to Diuretic Therapy in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns: Results from the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program Cohort Study.The Journal of pediatrics · 2018Trial
- The Randomized, Controlled Trial of Late Surfactant: Effects on Respiratory Outcomes at 1-Year Corrected Age.The Journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- What is the role of diuretics in the prevention and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia?Current treatment options in pediatrics · 2026Article
- From mechanisms to clinical practice: a review of diuretic therapy in pediatric nephrology.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Safety Analysis of Furosemide in Preterm Infants.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Short-Term Effects of Spironolactone/Hydrochlorothiazide on Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Retrospective Before-After Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Current and Emerging Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants.Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Association of furosemide versus chlorothiazide exposures with serum sodium, potassium, and chloride among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Early-life sodium restriction programs autonomic dysfunction and salt sensitivity in male C57BL/6J mice.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- Furosemide and Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Use of furosemide in preterm neonates with acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality: results from the TINKER registry.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Diuretic drug utilization in neonates: a French prescription database analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Approaches to evaluation of fluid balance and management of fluid overload in neonates among neonatologists: a Neonatal Kidney Collaborative survey.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Cardiopulmonary physiological effects of diuretic therapy in preterm infants with chronic pulmonary hypertension.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- The role of furosemide and fluid management for a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Review
- Association between postmenstrual age and furosemide dosing practices in very preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Observational
- Mortality Risk Factors among Infants Receiving Dialysis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Pharmacotherapy in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: What Is the Evidence?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Diuretic use, acute kidney injury, and premature infants: the call for evidence-based guidelines.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDiuretics are often prescribed off-label to premature infants, particularly to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We examined their use and safety in this group. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study of infants < 32 weeks gestation and < 1,500 g birth weight exposed to diuretics in 333 neonatal intensive care units from 1997 to 2011. We examined use of acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, chlorothiazide, diazoxide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol, metolazone, or spironolactone combination. Respiratory support and fraction of inspired oxygen on the first day of each course of diuretic use were identified.
resultsAbout 37% (39,357/107,542) infants were exposed to at least one diuretic; furosemide was the most commonly used (93% with ≥ 1 recorded dose), followed by spironolactone, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, and acetazolamide. About 74% patients were exposed to one diuretic at a time, 19% to two diuretics simultaneously, and 6% to three diuretics simultaneously. The most common combination was furosemide/spironolactone, followed by furosemide/chlorothiazide and chlorothiazide/spironolactone. Many infants were not receiving mechanical ventilation on the first day of each new course of furosemide (47%), spironolactone (69%), chlorothiazide (61%), and hydrochlorothiazide (68%). Any adverse event occurred on 42 per 1,000 infant-days for any diuretic and 35 per 1,000 infant-days for furosemide. Any serious adverse event occurred in 3.8 for any diuretic and 3.2 per 1,000 infant-days for furosemide. The most common laboratory abnormality associated with diuretic exposure was thrombocytopenia.
conclusionDespite no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indication and little safety data, over one-third of premature infants in our population were exposed to a diuretic, many with minimal respiratory support.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.