SynthesisBirth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology2014
Atrazine and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence.
Synthesis in Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-genetic risk factors of miscarriage: a comprehensive umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Using systematic reviews for hazard and risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2015Pooled it
- Gestational Exposure to 10 Classes of Priority Chemicals and Birth Outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Epidermal growth factor receptor in placental health and disease: pathways, dysfunction, and chemical disruption.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- Herbicide-related health risks: key mechanisms and a guide to mitigation strategies.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review of the effect of atrazine on the HPG axes and steroidogenic pathways in males: relevance for testicular and prostate cancer.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Pesticide Exposures during Pregnancy and Health Outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Scoping Review of Human Observational Studies.Journal of health & pollution · 2024Review
- An in vitro approach reveals molecular mechanisms underlying endocrine disruptor-induced epimutagenesis.eLife · 2024Article
- Chemical mixture that targets the epidermal growth factor pathway impairs human trophoblast cell functions.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Article
- Low-Level Groundwater Atrazine in High Atrazine Usage Nebraska Counties: Likely Effects of Excessive Groundwater Abstraction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation and Pesticide Use in the Agricultural Lung Health Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- Praegnatio Perturbatio-Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals.Endocrine reviews · 2021Review
- Chloro-s-triazines-toxicokinetic, Toxicodynamic, Human Exposure, and Regulatory Considerations.Current drug metabolism · 2021Review
- Identification of environmental chemicals targeting miscarriage genes and pathways using the comparative toxicogenomics database.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Differential susceptibility to endocrine disruptor-induced epimutagenesis.Environmental epigenetics · 2020Review
- Chronic Atrazine Exposure Beginning Prenatally Impacts Liver Function and Sperm Concentration With Multi-Generational Consequences in Mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Low prevalence of anti-xenobiotic antibodies among the occupationally exposed individuals is associated with a high risk of cancer.Cancer medicine · 2019Article
- Association between Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors in Drinking Water and Preterm Birth, Taking Neighborhood Deprivation into Account: A Historic Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- PBPK Model for Atrazine and Its Chlorotriazine Metabolites in Rat and Human.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly used agricultural herbicide that has been the subject of epidemiologic studies assessing its relation to reproductive health problems. This review evaluates both the consistency and the quality of epidemiologic evidence testing the hypothesis that ATR exposure, at usually encountered levels, is a risk factor for birth defects, small for gestational age birth weight, prematurity, miscarriages, and problems of fetal growth and development. We followed the current methodological guidelines for systematic reviews by using two independent researchers to identify, retrieve, and evaluate the relevant epidemiologic literature on the relation of ATR to various adverse outcomes of birth and pregnancy. Each eligible paper was summarized with respect to its methods and results with particular attention to study design and exposure assessment, which have been cited as the main areas of weakness in ATR research. As a quantitative meta-analysis was not feasible, the study results were categorized qualitatively as positive, null, or mixed. The literature on ATR and pregnancy-related health outcomes is growing rapidly, but the quality of the data is poor with most papers using aggregate rather than individual-level information. Without good quality data, the results are difficult to assess; however, it is worth noting that none of the outcome categories demonstrated consistent positive associations across studies. Considering the poor quality of the data and the lack of robust findings across studies, conclusions about a causal link between ATR and adverse pregnancy outcomes are not warranted.
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