ReviewHistology and histopathology2014
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of heterotopic ossification.
Review in Histology and histopathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of tranexamic acid for prevention of heterotopic ossification after orthopedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC surgery · 2026Pooled it
- RRP12 knockdown inhibited inflammation and p53/NF-κB pathway and alleviated heterotopic ossification in mice.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2026Article
- Single cell RNA-seq analysis associates Osm signaling in macrophages with osteogenic differentiation during heterotopic ossification.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Bone metaplasia in gallbladder lithiasis: an astonishing clinical phenomenon of a rare case.Journal of surgical case reports · 2025Article
- Mixtures of PRR Ligands Partly Mimic the Immunomodulatory Response ofStem cells international · 2025Article
- Mast cell activation by NGF drives the formation of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Ossification of neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis type 1, a case report of a rare presentation.International journal of surgery case reports · 2024Article
- Classification and Incidence of Heterotopic Ossifications in Relation to NSAID Prophylaxis after Elbow Trauma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Tendon Healing and Regulate Macrophage Polarization in Preventing Tendinopathy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Pathophysiology and Emerging Molecular Therapeutic Targets in Heterotopic Ossification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and extensive heterotopic ossification in a patient with a femoral fracture: a case report and literature review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Review
- Growth Factor and Its Polymer Scaffold-Based Delivery System for Cartilage Tissue Engineering.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Review
- Stimulating Factors and Origins of Precursor Cells in Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification Around the Temporomandibular Joint in Mice.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Gallbladder osteoma in a 66-year-old female; Case report and review of literature.International journal of surgery case reports · 2020Article
- Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Role in Physiology and in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases.Physiological reviews · 2019Review
- Osteogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells is activated by the DNA damage response.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Mkx-Deficient Mice Exhibit Hedgehog Signaling-Dependent Ectopic Ossification in the Achilles Tendons.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2019Article
- Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Segmental Progeroid Syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Immunological and morphological analysis of heterotopic ossification differs to healthy controls.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition in which cartilage and bone forms in soft tissues such as muscle, tendon, and ligament causing immobility. This process is induced by inflammation associated with traumatic injury. In an extremely rare genetic disorder called fibrodysplasia ossificans progessiva (FOP), a combination of inflammation associated with minor soft tissue injuries and a hereditary genetic mutation causes massive HO that progressively worsens throughout the patients' lifetime leading to the formation of an ectopic skeleton. An activating mutation in the BMP type I receptor ALK2 has been shown to contribute to the heterotopic lesions in FOP patients, yet recent studies have shown that other events are required to stimulate HO including activation of sensory neurons, mast cell degranulation, lymphocyte infiltration, skeletal myocyte cell death, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In this review, we discuss the recent evidence and mechanistic data that describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms that give rise to heterotopic bone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.