ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Activating killer cell Ig-like receptors in health and disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term depletion of KIR3DL01+ NK cells by adeno-associated viral-vectored antibody delivery alters chronic SIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- CD94-drivenFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Defects in NK cell immunity of pediatric cancer patients revealed by deep immune profiling.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- NK cell dysfunction is linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients.Cell biochemistry and function · 2022Review
- Expression of Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes among HIV-Infected Individuals with Non-AIDS Comorbidities.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- KIR gene content imputation from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Finnish population.PeerJ · 2022Article
- The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity.Cells · 2021Review
- Article
- Diversity of KIRs in invasive breast cancer patients and healthy controls along with the clinical significance in ER/PR/HER2+ patients.Genes and immunity · 2020Article
- Immune-focused multi-omics analysis of prostate cancer: leukocyte Ig-Like receptors are associated with disease progression.Oncoimmunology · 2020Article
- KIR and HLA-C genes in male infertility.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2020Article
- Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Crohn Disease Patients.Mediators of inflammation · 2020Article
- Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cellular Therapy of Hematological Malignancies.Clinical hematology international · 2019Review
- Natural killer cells: From surface receptors to the cure of high-risk leukemia (Ceppellini Lecture).HLA · 2019Review
- Article
- Article
- Immune Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder-Could They Hold Promise for Causative Treatment?Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Genotype B of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor is Related with Gastric Cancer Lesions.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan rice bran, enhances NK cell activity in geriatric subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Expression of non-rearranged HLA class I-binding receptors characterizes human and mouse NK cells. The postulation of the missing-self hypothesis some 30 years ago triggered the subsequent search and discovery of inhibitory MHC-receptors, both in humans and mice. These receptors have two functions: (i) to control the threshold for NK cell activation, a process termed "licensing" or "education," and (ii) to inhibit NK cell activation during interactions with healthy HLA class I-expressing cells. The discovery of activating forms of KIRs (aKIR) challenged the concept of NK cell tolerance in steady state, as well as during immune challenge: what is the biological role of the activating KIR, in particular when NK cells express aKIRs in the absence of inhibitory receptors? Recently it was shown that aKIRs also participate in the education of NK cells. However, instead of lowering the threshold of activation like iKIRs, the expression of aKIRs has the opposite effect, i.e., rendering NK cells hyporesponsive. These findings may have consequences during NK cell response to viral infection, in cancer development, and in the initial stages of pregnancy. Here we review the current knowledge of activating KIRs, including the biological concept of aKIR-dependent NK cell education, and their impact in health and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.