ReviewDisease models & mechanisms2014
Restoring the balance: immunotherapeutic combinations for autoimmune disease.
Review in Disease models & mechanisms, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression profiling of dendritic cell tolerance dysfunction in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Polarized Macrophages and Their Exosomes: Implications for Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Diseases.Biology · 2025Review
- The immunobiology and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Breakdown and Repair of Peripheral Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- Immunological mechanisms of tolerance: Central, peripheral and the role of T and B cells.Asia Pacific allergy · 2023Review
- Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Selective activation and expansion of regulatory T cells using lipid encapsulated mRNA encoding a long-acting IL-2 mutein.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Autoimmunity and Cancer-Two Sides of the Same Coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Simulation Model for Hashimoto Autoimmune Thyroiditis Disease.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Platelet gene therapy induces robust immune tolerance even in a primed model via peripheral clonal deletion of antigen-specific T cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2021Article
- Approaches to Establishing Tolerance in Immune Mediated Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Dynamic transcriptome analysis unveils key proresolving factors of chronic inflammatory arthritis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Construction of CII-Specific CAR-T to Explore the Cytokine Cascades Between Cartilage-Reactive T Cells and Chondrocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Quantitative Predictive Modelling Approaches to Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Brief Review.Cells · 2019Review
- A microbial expression system for high-level production of scFv HIV-neutralizing antibody fragments in Escherichia coli.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2019Article
- Analysis of circulating soluble programmed death 1 (PD-1), neuropilin 1 (NRP-1) and human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) in psoriatic patients.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2019Article
- Colonic perforation due to severe cytomegalovirus disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis after immunosuppression.Clinical rheumatology · 2018Review
- The anti-CD6 antibody itolizumab provides clinical benefit without lymphopenia in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a 6-month, open-label Phase I clinical trial.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2018Article
- CD122 blockade restores immunological tolerance in autoimmune type 1 diabetes via multiple mechanisms.JCI insight · 2018Article
- Expansion of FasL-Expressing CD5Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmunity occurs when T cells, B cells or both are inappropriately activated, resulting in damage to one or more organ systems. Normally, high-affinity self-reactive T and B cells are eliminated in the thymus and bone marrow through a process known as central immune tolerance. However, low-affinity self-reactive T and B cells escape central tolerance and enter the blood and tissues, where they are kept in check by complex and non-redundant peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Dysfunction or imbalance of the immune system can lead to autoimmunity, and thus elucidation of normal tolerance mechanisms has led to identification of therapeutic targets for treating autoimmune disease. In the past 15 years, a number of disease-modifying monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered biologic agents targeting the immune system have been approved, notably for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Although these agents represent a major advance, effective therapy for other autoimmune conditions, such as type 1 diabetes, remain elusive and will likely require intervention aimed at multiple components of the immune system. To this end, approaches that manipulate cells ex vivo and harness their complex behaviors are being tested in preclinical and clinical settings. In addition, approved biologic agents are being examined in combination with one another and with cell-based therapies. Substantial development and regulatory hurdles must be overcome in order to successfully combine immunotherapeutic biologic agents. Nevertheless, such combinations might ultimately be necessary to control autoimmune disease manifestations and restore the tolerant state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.