ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2014
Drug susceptibility and resistance mutations after first-line failure in resource limited settings.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Viral load care of HIV-1 infected children and adolescents: A longitudinal study in rural Zimbabwe.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Viral Suppression and HIV Drug Resistance at 6 Months Among Women in Malawi's Option B+ Program: Results From the PURE Malawi Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Characteristics of Drug Resistance Mutations in a Korean HIV/AIDS Cohort, and Risk Factors for Resistance Acquisition in ART-Experienced Patients.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Nucleic acid amplification testing using dried blood spots to confirm the diagnosis of HIV-1 in adults.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2024Article
- Acquired HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda: A cross-sectional nationally representative survey.Antiviral therapy · 2022Article
- Identification of Kukoamine A, Zeaxanthin, and Clexane as New Furin Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 genetic diversity in HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy in a cross-sectional study conducted in Teso, Western Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Pan-Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation Assay for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- Long-Acting Rilpivirine (RPV) Preexposure Prophylaxis Does Not Inhibit Vaginal Transmission of RPV-Resistant HIV-1 or Select for High-Frequency Drug Resistance in Humanized Mice.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Drug resistance and optimizing dolutegravir regimens for adolescents and young adults failing antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Characterizing early drug resistance-related events using geometric ensembles from HIV protease dynamics.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Brief Report: Assessing the Association Between Changing NRTIs When Initiating Second-Line ART and Treatment Outcomes.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Key Factors Influencing the Emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Review
- Brief Report: Appraising Viral Load Thresholds and Adherence Support Recommendations in the World Health Organization Guidelines for Detection and Management of Virologic Failure.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa.AIDS research and therapy · 2017Article
- HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Hyperlipidaemia in HIV-infected patients on lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in resource-limited settings.Antiviral therapy · 2017Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe development of drug resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has been associated with baseline human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA level (VL), CD4 cell counts (CD4), subtype, and treatment failure duration. This study describes drug resistance and levels of susceptibility after first-line virologic failure in individuals from Thailand, South Africa, India, Malawi, Tanzania.
methodsCD4 and VL were captured at AIDs Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) A5230 study entry, a study of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy after first-line virologic failure on an NNRTI regimen. HIV drug-resistance mutation associations with subtype, site, study entry VL, and CD4 were evaluated using Fisher exact and Kruskall-Wallis tests.
resultsOf the 207 individuals who were screened for A5230, sequence data were available for 148 individuals. Subtypes observed: subtype C (n = 97, 66%) AE (n = 27, 18%), A1 (n = 12, 8%), and D (n = 10, 7%). Of the 148 individuals, 93% (n = 138) and 96% (n = 142) had at least 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation associated with NRTI and NNRTI resistance, respectively. The number of NRTI mutations was significantly associated with a higher study screening VL and lower study screening CD4 (P < .001). Differences in drug-resistance patterns in both NRTI and NNRTI were observed by site.
conclusionsThe degree of NNRTI and NRTI resistance after first-line virologic failure was associated with higher VL at study entry. Thirty-two percent of individuals remained fully susceptible to etravirine and rilpivirine, protease inhibitor resistance was rare. Some level of susceptibility to NRTI remained; however, VL monitoring and earlier virologic failure detection may result in lower NRTI resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.