ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2014
Exposure to infections and risk of leukemia in young children.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Pooled it
- What is in the Dust? Species-Level Profiling Reveals Pathogenic and Protective Potential of Microbial Communities in Daycare and Home Environments.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Early-life infections and childhood cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study of 2 million children.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Environmental microbiome in the home and daycare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, and potential risk of non-communicable disease in children.Environmental microbiology reports · 2024Article
- Age and ligand specificity influence the outcome of pathogen engagement on preleukemic and leukemic B-cell precursor populations.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Counts, incidence rates, and trends of pediatric cancer in the United States, 2003-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- The genetic risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its implications for children of Latin American origin.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Interaction between birth characteristics andFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Acute Leukemia: Methodology and Early Findings.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Microbiota and Hematological Diseases.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2022Review
- Article
- Birth characteristics and childhood leukemia in Switzerland: a register-based case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2021Article
- Diet as a Potential Moderator for Genome Stability and Immune Response in Pediatric Leukemia.Cancers · 2021Review
- Recent advances in genetic predisposition to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Expert review of hematology · 2020Review
- Can legal restrictions of prenatal exposure to industrial trans-fatty acids reduce risk of childhood hematopoietic neoplasms? A population-based study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Acute Childhood Leukemia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- The association between birth order and childhood leukemia may be modified by paternal age and birth weight. Pooled results from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C).International journal of cancer · 2019Article
- Spatial clustering of childhood leukaemia with the integration of the Paediatric Environmental History.Environmental research · 2017Article
- Caesarean delivery and risk of childhood leukaemia: a pooled analysis from the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC).The Lancet. Haematology · 2016Article
- Incidence of Influenza Among Childhood Cancer Survivors in South Korea: A Population-based Retrospective Analysis.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic studies indicate that infections in early childhood may protect against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
methodsWe identified 3,402 ALL cases among children 0 to 5 years of age using the California Cancer Registry. From California birth records we randomly selected controls in a 20:1 ratio and frequency matched them to cases by birth year. We investigated markers of exposure to infections, including month of birth, timing of birth in relation to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasons, and birth order based on data from California birth certificates and national infection surveillance systems.
resultsWe observed an increased risk of ALL for spring and summer births, and for those first exposed to an influenza or RSV season at nine to twelve months of age compared with those exposed during the first three months of life, and this association was stronger among first born children [odds ratios (OR), 1.44 and 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.13-1.82, for influenza exposure at nine to twelve months of age]. Decreased risk was observed with increasing birth order among non-Hispanic whites but not Hispanics (OR, 0.76 and 95% CI, 0.59-096, for fourth or higher birth order among whites).
conclusionOur results support the hypothesis that infections in early childhood decrease risk of ALL. IMPACT: Our findings implicate early life exposure to infections as protective factors for ALL in young children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.