Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Vaccine for cocaine dependence: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled efficacy trial.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines as a preventive tool for substance use disorder: A systematic review including a meta-analysis on nicotine vaccines' immunogenicity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of Treatments for Cocaine Use Disorder Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- An antifentanyl monoclonal antibody reverses fentanyl-induced apnea in pigs.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Fentanyl-Antibody Interaction as a Novel Strategy against Opiates and Opioids Abuse.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Two doses of Qβ virus like particle vaccines elicit protective antibodies against heroin and fentanyl.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Plasma microRNAs to Select Optimal Patients for Antibody Production from Anti-Addiction Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Article
- A synthetic cyclic peptide for promoting antigen presentation and immune activation.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- COT-TT vaccine attenuates induction and expression of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats: a dose-response study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- COT-TT vaccine attenuates cocaine-seeking and cocaine-conditioned place preference in rats.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Is there a role for vaccines in combatting the opioid epidemic?Vaccine insights · 2024Article
- Article
- Long-lasting blocking of interoceptive effects of cocaine by a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase in rats.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Toxicokinetics of a humanized anti-cocaine monoclonal antibody in male and female rats and lack of cross-reactivity.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Intranasal Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- A humanized anti-cocaine mAb antagonizes the cardiovascular effects of cocaine in rats.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Article
- Anti-Cocaine IgA Rather Than IgG Mediates Vaccine Protection from Cocaine Use.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Drug Addiction.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Effects of a recombinant humanized anti-cocaine monoclonal antibody on the metabolism and distribution of cocaine in vitro and in mice.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsWe evaluated the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of succinylnorcocaine conjugated to cholera toxin B protein as a vaccine for cocaine dependence.
methodsThis 6-site, 24 week Phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial assessed efficacy during weeks 8 to 16. We measured urine cocaine metabolites thrice weekly as the main outcome.
resultsThe 300 subjects (76% male, 72% African-American, mean age 46 years) had smoked cocaine on average for 13 days monthly at baseline. We hypothesized that retention might be better and positive urines lower for subjects with anti-cocaine IgG levels of ≥42 μg/mL (high IgG), which was attained by 67% of the 130 vaccine subjects receiving five vaccinations. Almost 3-times fewer high than low IgG subjects dropped out (7% vs 20%). Although for the full 16 weeks cocaine positive urine rates showed no significant difference between the three groups (placebo, high, low IgG), after week 8, more vaccinated than placebo subjects attained abstinence for at least two weeks of the trial (24% vs 18%), and the high IgG group had the most cocaine-free urines for the last 2 weeks of treatment (OR=3.02), but neither were significant. Injection site reactions of induration and tenderness differed between placebo and active vaccine, and the 29 serious adverse events did not lead to treatment related withdrawals, or deaths.
conclusionsThe vaccine was safe, but it only partially replicated the efficacy found in the previous study based on retention and attaining abstinence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.