Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24793364›Full record

Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2014

Prize contingency management for smoking cessation: a randomized trial.

David M Ledgerwood, Cynthia L Arfken, Nancy M Petry, Sheila M Alessi

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05386862 (Wayne Warrior CAnnabis Research and Education), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05386862 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Wayne Warrior CAnnabis Research and Education: Naturalistic Observation and Harm Reduction

TypeinterventionalSponsorWayne State UniversityRan2022 to 2024Enrolled0ConditionsPost Traumatic Stress Disorder, Cannabis Use, SuicideArmsReduce THC Use
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  4. Competitions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Prize-Based Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Framing as a mechanism to overcome the temptation of bad habits.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Contingency management interventions for tobacco and other substance use disorders in pregnancy.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017
    Review
  16. Withdrawal-Related Changes in Delay Discounting Predict Short-Term Smoking Abstinence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

David M LedgerwoodDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. Electronic address: dledgerw@med.wayne.edu.
Cynthia L ArfkenDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Nancy M PetryDepartment of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Sheila M AlessiDepartment of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Funding

Vulnerabilities for coping-related drinking among post-college young adultsP60AA003510 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT · PI HESSELBROCK, VICTOR M · 2008 to 2017
$17.5M
Prize Reinforcement for Smoking CessationR21DA021839 · NIDA · WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY · PI LEDGERWOOD, DAVID M · 2007 to 2008
$410k
NIAAA NIH HHS P60 AA003510NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA021839NIDA NIH HHS R21DA021839
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdjunctive behavioral smoking cessation treatments have the potential to improve outcomes beyond standard care. The present study had two aims: (1) compare standard care (SC) for smoking (four weeks of brief counseling and monitoring) to SC plus prize-based contingency management (CM), involving the chance to earn prizes on days with demonstrated smoking abstinence (carbon monoxide (CO) ≤6 ppm); and (2) compare the relative efficacy of two prize reinforcement schedules-one a traditional CM schedule, and the second an early enhanced CM schedule providing greater reinforcement magnitude in the initial week of treatment but equal overall reinforcement.

methodsParticipants (N=81 nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers) were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions.

resultsPrize CM resulted in significant reductions in cigarette smoking relative to SC. These reductions were not apparent at follow-up. We found no meaningful differences between the traditional and enhanced CM conditions.

conclusionsOur findings reveal that prize CM leads to significant reductions in smoking during treatment relative to a control intervention, but the benefits did not extend long-term.

Indexed as

RewardAdultBehavior TherapyCarbon MonoxideCotinineFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReinforcement ScheduleSmoking CessationSocioeconomic FactorsTobacco Use DisorderTreatment OutcomeCarbon MonoxideCotinineCigaretteContingency managementPrizeTobaccoTreatment efficacy

Identifiers

PMID24793364
PMCPMC5020416

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.