ArticleNeuropsychologia2014
A neural network model of individual differences in task switching abilities.
Article in Neuropsychologia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Performance-Based Executive Functions Predict Internalising but Not Externalising Maladaptive Behaviour in Students With ID.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Article
- Saccadic eye movements in neurological disease: cognitive mechanisms and clinical applications.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Always in (partner) action? Working in teams may improve simulated flight performance-but only in the apt cognitive control state.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2025Article
- Reconceptualizing the relationship between anxiety, mindfulness, and cognitive control.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- GenomicSEM Modelling of Diverse Executive Function GWAS Improves Gene Discovery.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Understanding dual process cognition via the minimum description length principle.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- The relationship between SV2A levels, neural activity, and cognitive function in healthy humans: A [11C]UCB-J PET and fMRI study.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Trajectories of cognitive flexibility through kindergarten and first grade: Implications for externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in the second grade.Developmental psychology · 2023Article
- Enhanced neural mechanisms of set shifting in musically trained adolescents and young adults: converging fMRI, EEG, and behavioral evidence.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Modelling continual learning in humans with Hebbian context gating and exponentially decaying task signals.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- An fNIRS Study of Applicability of the Unity-Diversity Model of Executive Functions in Preschoolers.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Fatigue and a Clinically Accessible Measure of Switching in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2022Article
- A cognitive neurogenetic approach to uncovering the structure of executive functions.Nature communications · 2022Article
- A Neural Network Model of Continual Learning with Cognitive Control.CogSci ... Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (U.S.). Conference · 2022Article
- The contribution of latent factors of executive functioning to mind wandering: an experience sampling study.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2022Article
- Context-specific activations are a hallmark of the neural basis of individual differences in general executive function.NeuroImage · 2022Article
- The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Genetic and environmental influences on executive functions and intelligence in middle childhood.Developmental science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We use a biologically grounded neural network model to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences specific to the selection and instantiation of representations that exert cognitive control in task switching. Existing computational models of task switching do not focus on individual differences and so cannot explain why task switching abilities are separable from other executive function (EF) abilities (such as response inhibition). We explore hypotheses regarding neural mechanisms underlying the "Shifting-Specific" and "Common EF" components of EF proposed in the Unity/Diversity model (Miyake & Friedman, 2012) and similar components in related theoretical frameworks. We do so by adapting a well-developed neural network model of working memory (Prefrontal cortex, Basal ganglia Working Memory or PBWM; Hazy, Frank, & O'Reilly, 2007) to task switching and the Stroop task, and comparing its behavior on those tasks under a variety of individual difference manipulations. Results are consistent with the hypotheses that variation specific to task switching (i.e., Shifting-Specific) may be related to uncontrolled, automatic persistence of goal representations, whereas variation general to multiple EFs (i.e., Common EF) may be related to the strength of PFC representations and their effect on processing in the remainder of the cognitive system. Moreover, increasing signal to noise ratio in PFC, theoretically tied to levels of tonic dopamine and a genetic polymorphism in the COMT gene, reduced Stroop interference but increased switch costs. This stability-flexibility tradeoff provides an explanation for why these two EF components sometimes show opposing correlations with other variables such as attention problems and self-restraint.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.