ArticleAnimal cognition2014
Predictability and heritability of individual differences in fear learning.
Article in Animal cognition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Psilocybin-enhanced fear extinction linked to bidirectional modulation of cortical ensembles.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
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- Carbon Dioxide Reactivity Differentially Predicts Fear Expression After Extinction and Retrieval-Extinction in Rats.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- COPhysiology & behavior · 2023Article
- Specific behaviors during auditory fear conditioning and postsynaptic expression of AMPA receptors in the basolateral amygdala predict interindividual differences in fear generalization in male rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- ChAT::Cre transgenic rats show sex-dependent altered fear behaviors, ultrasonic vocalizations and cholinergic marker expression.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2023Article
- Reactivity to conditioned threat cues is distinct from exploratory drive in the elevated plus maze.The European journal of neuroscience · 2023Article
- Examining the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury on fear extinction in male rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex differences in fear responses: Neural circuits.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
- Individual Differences in Conditioned Fear and Extinction in Female Rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Cholinergic neurotransmission in the basolateral amygdala during cued fear extinction.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
- The relationship between monoaminergic gene expression, learning, and optimism in red junglefowl chicks.Animal cognition · 2020Article
- Making translation work: Harmonizing cross-species methodology in the behavioural neuroscience of Pavlovian fear conditioning.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Review
- Sign-tracking behavior is difficult to extinguish and resistant to multiple cognitive enhancers.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2019Article
- Multiple genetic loci affect place learning and memory performance in Drosophila melanogaster.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2019Article
- Chronic, Intermittent Microdoses of the PsychedelicACS chemical neuroscience · 2019Article
- Individual variability in the recall of fear extinction is associated with phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the infralimbic cortex.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Our objective was to characterize individual differences in fear conditioning and extinction in an outbred rat strain, to test behavioral predictors of these individual differences, and to assess their heritability. We fear-conditioned 100 Long-Evans rats, attempted to extinguish fear the next day, and tested extinction recall on the third day. The distribution of freezing scores after fear conditioning was skewed, with most rats showing substantial freezing; after fear extinction, the distribution was bimodal with most rats showing minimal freezing, but a substantial portion showing maximal freezing. Longer rearing episodes measured prior to conditioning predicted less freezing at the beginning of extinction, but differences in extinction learning were not predicted by any baseline exploratory behaviors. We tested the heritability of extinction differences by breeding rats from the top and bottom 20% of freezing scores during extinction recall. We then ran the offspring through the same conditioning/extinction procedure, with the addition of recording ultrasonic vocalizations throughout training and testing. Only a minority of rats emitted distress vocalizations during fear acquisition, but the incidence was less frequent in the offspring of good extinguishers than in poor extinguishers or randomly bred controls. The occurrence of distress vocalizations during acquisition predicted higher levels of freezing during fear recall regardless of breeding line, but the relationship between vocalization and freezing was no longer evident following extinction training, at which point freezing levels were influenced only by breeding and not by vocalization. The heritability (h(2)) of extinction recall was estimated at 0.36, consistent with human estimates.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.