ArticleAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology2014
Refractory status epilepticus.
Article in Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Human lesions and animal studies link the claustrum to perception, salience, sleep and pain.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Does status epilepticus in pediatric patients severity score (STEPSS) predict functional outcomes in children admitted to PICU? A retrospective single-center study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Treatment Response in Pediatric Patients with Status Epilepticus: A Retrospective Observational Study from Saudi Arabia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Seizures in brain tumors: pathogenesis, risk factors and management (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- New-onset refractory status epilepticus after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of literature.Croatian medical journal · 2024Review
- Is there room in epilepsy for the claustrum?Frontiers in systems biology · 2024Article
- Article
- An Insight into the Current Understanding of Status Epilepticus: From Concept to Management.Neurology research international · 2021Review
- Article
- Altered microRNA profiles in plasma exosomes from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Hemispherotomy for late post-traumatic super-refractory status epilepticus in an adult.Epilepsy & behavior case reports · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Refractory status epilepticus is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency. It requires early diagnosis and treatment. There is a lack of consensus upon its semantic definition of whether it is status epilepticus that continues despite treatment with benzodiazepine and one antiepileptic medication (AED), i.e., Lorazepam + phenytoin. Others regard refractory status epilepticus as failure of benzodiazepine and 2 antiepileptic medications, i.e., Lorazepam + phenytoin + phenobarb. Up to 30% patients in SE fail to respond to two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and 15% continue to have seizure activity despite use of three drugs. Mechanisms that have made the treatment even more challenging are GABA-R that is internalized during status epilepticus and upregulation of multidrug transporter proteins. All patients of refractory status epilepticus require continuous EEG monitoring. There are three main agents used in the treatment of RSE. These include pentobarbital or thiopental, midazolam and propofol. RSE was shown to result in mortality in 35% cases, 39.13% of patients were left with severe neurological deficits, while another 13% had mild neurological deficits.
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