ArticleGenes & development2014
Glioma cancer stem cells secrete Gremlin1 to promote their maintenance within the tumor hierarchy.
Article in Genes & development, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improved Method for Obtaining Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid and Primary Cells: A Generic and Simplified Approach for Intracranial Tumor With Minimized Input.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Gremlin-1 Drives Tumour Vascularization by Promoting Endothelial Differentiation and Angiogenesis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- A paracrine-to-autocrine shunt of GREM1 fuels colorectal cancer metastasis via ACVR1C.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- The Role of GREMLIN1, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist, in Cancer Stem Cell Regulation.Cells · 2025Review
- A Gremlin 1-expressing splenic niche cell population restrains chronic myeloid leukemia by antagonizing the BMP pathway.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Radiation-induced cellular plasticity primes glioblastoma for forskolin-mediated differentiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Targeting the dual miRNA/BMP2 network: LncRNA H19-mediated temozolomide resistance unveils novel therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Gremlin1: a BMP antagonist with therapeutic potential in Oncology.Investigational new drugs · 2024Review
- Radiation-Induced Cellular Plasticity: A Strategy for Combatting Glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The TGF-β Family in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- PRMT5 inhibition shows in vitro efficacy against H3K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma, but does not extend survival in vivo.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- BMP signaling in cancer stemness and differentiation.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2023Review
- GREM1 signaling in cancer: tumor promotor and suppressor?Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023Article
- Novel INHAT repressor drives glioblastoma growth by promoting ribosomal DNA transcription in glioma stem cells.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Paracrine secretion of IL8 by breast cancer stem cells promotes therapeutic resistance and metastasis of the bulk tumor cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Downregulation of ADAMTS3 Suppresses Stemness and Tumorigenicity in Glioma Stem Cell.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicle subpopulations following 5-aminolevulinic acid treatment bear diagnostic implications.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- MicroRNA and mRNA Expression Changes in Glioblastoma Cells Cultivated under Conditions of Neurosphere Formation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most prevalent and lethal primary brain tumor and are comprised of hierarchies with self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) at the apex. Like neural stem cells (NSCs), CSCs reside in functional niches that provide essential cues to maintain the cellular hierarchy. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) instruct NSCs to adopt an astrocyte fate and are proposed as anti-CSC therapies to induce differentiation, but, paradoxically, tumors express high levels of BMPs. Here we demonstrate that the BMP antagonist Gremlin1 is specifically expressed by CSCs as protection from endogenous BMPs. Gremlin1 colocalizes with CSCs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Gremlin1 blocks prodifferentiation effects of BMPs, and overexpression of Gremlin1 in non-CSCs decreases their endogenous BMP signaling to promote stem-like features. Consequently, Gremlin1-overexpressing cells display increased growth and tumor formation abilities. Targeting Gremlin1 in CSCs results in impaired growth and self-renewal. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated that Gremlin1 effects were associated with inhibition of p21(WAF1/CIP1), a key CSC signaling node. This study establishes CSC-derived Gremlin1 as a driving force in maintaining glioblastoma tumor proliferation and glioblastoma hierarchies through the modulation of endogenous prodifferentiation signals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.