Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24787031›Full record

ReviewNutrients2014

Pre-exercise nutrition: the role of macronutrients, modified starches and supplements on metabolism and endurance performance.

Michael J Ormsbee, Christopher W Bach, Daniel A Baur

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Fed, not fasted: is carbohydrate mouth rinsing still ergogenic? A three-level meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025
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  5. The effects of environmental hypoxia on substrate utilisation during exercise: a meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michael J OrmsbeeHuman Performance and Sports Nutrition Lab, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. mormsbee@fsu.edu.
Christopher W BachHuman Performance and Sports Nutrition Lab, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. cwb12b@my.fsu.edu.
Daniel A BaurHuman Performance and Sports Nutrition Lab, Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. dab13b@my.fsu.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endurance athletes rarely compete in the fasted state, as this may compromise fuel stores. Thus, the timing and composition of the pre-exercise meal is a significant consideration for optimizing metabolism and subsequent endurance performance. Carbohydrate feedings prior to endurance exercise are common and have generally been shown to enhance performance, despite increasing insulin levels and reducing fat oxidation. These metabolic effects may be attenuated by consuming low glycemic index carbohydrates and/or modified starches before exercise. High fat meals seem to have beneficial metabolic effects (e.g., increasing fat oxidation and possibly sparing muscle glycogen). However, these effects do not necessarily translate into enhanced performance. Relatively little research has examined the effects of a pre-exercise high protein meal on subsequent performance, but there is some evidence to suggest enhanced pre-exercise glycogen synthesis and benefits to metabolism during exercise. Finally, various supplements (i.e., caffeine and beetroot juice) also warrant possible inclusion into pre-race nutrition for endurance athletes. Ultimately, further research is needed to optimize pre-exercise nutritional strategies for endurance performance.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsExerciseSports Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaDietDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsEnergy IntakeGlycemic IndexHumansMealsNutritional StatusOxidation-ReductionPhysical EnduranceTime FactorsDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary Proteins

Identifiers

PMID24787031
PMCPMC4042570

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.