ArticleAIDS (London, England)2014
Drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-infected children in the era of more efficacious antiretroviral prophylaxis.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Patterns of pretreatment drug resistance mutations of very early diagnosed and treated infants in Botswana.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Multicentre analysis of second-line antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children: adolescents at high risk of failure.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Trial
- Nevirapine- Versus Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Infants and Young Children: Long-term Follow-up of the IMPAACT P1060 Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Prevalence and related factors of TB/HIV co-infection among hospitalized children with tuberculosis in Southwest China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Pretreatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance Among Treatment-Naive Infants Newly Diagnosed With HIV in 2016 in Namibia: Results of a Nationally Representative Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Drug Resistance Mutations Among South African Children Living With HIV on WHO-recommended ART Regimens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Potential challenges to sustained viral load suppression in the HIV treatment programme in South Africa: a narrative overview.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Review
- HIV Drug Resistance in Children and Adolescents: Always a Challenge?Current epidemiology reports · 2021Review
- Observational
- Optimizing viral load suppression in Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy (Opt4Kids).Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2020Article
- High nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance levels in HIV-1-infected Zambian mother-infant pairs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance amongst newly diagnosed HIV-infected infants age 4-8 weeks, enrolled in three nationally representative PMTCT effectiveness surveys, South Africa: 2010, 2011-12 and 2012-13.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- The urgent need for more potent antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90 and complete eradication of AIDS by 2030.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- High Levels of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children Who Acquired HIV Infection Through Mother to Child Transmission in the Era of Option B+, Haiti, 2013 to 2014.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- Antiretroviral Resistance Patterns in Children with HIV Infection.Current infectious disease reports · 2019Review
- 12-month outcomes of HIV-infected infants identified at birth at one maternity site in Johannesburg, South Africa: an observational cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2018Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the era of more efficacious prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) regimens, documenting the profile of drug resistance in HIV-infected infants and young children is critical to our efforts to improve care and treatment for children.
methodsHIV drug resistance mutations in plasma virus were ascertained using population sequencing among 230 newly diagnosed HIV-infected children under 2 years of age recruited in Johannesburg, South Africa, during 2011. By this time, more effective PMTCT regimens, including combination antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women, were being implemented.
resultsTwo-thirds (67.4%) of HIV-infected children had been exposed to some form of maternal (89%) and/or infant (97%) PMTCT. Among PMTCT-exposed, 56.8% had nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), 14.8% nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and 1.3% protease inhibitor mutations. NNRTI mutations were strongly related to younger age. The remaining third (32.6%) had no reported or recorded PMTCT exposures, but resistance to NNRTI was detected in 24.0%, NRTI in 10.7%, and protease inhibitor in 1.3%.
conclusionThe new PMTCT strategies dramatically reduce the number of children who acquire infection, but among those who do become infected, NNRTI resistance prevalence is high. In this South African setting with high PMTCT coverage, almost a quarter of children with no reported or recorded PMTCT also have drug resistance mutations. PMTCT history is an inadequate means of ruling out pretreatment drug resistance. Our results support the use of protease inhibitor-based first-line regimens in HIV-infected infants and young children regardless of PMTCT history.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.