ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2014
Urinary incontinence, depression, and economic outcomes in a cohort of women between the ages of 54 and 65 years.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Occupation and lower urinary tract symptoms in women: A rapid review and meta-analysis from the PLUS research consortium.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2018Pooled it
- Invasive urodynamic investigations in the management of women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms: FUTURE, a superiority RCT and economic evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Trial
- Exploring the Association Between Urinary Incontinence and Depression Based on a Series of Large-Scale National Health Studies in Türkiye.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between the American Heart Association's new "Life's Essential 8" metrics and urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Urinary incontinence associates with poor work ability in middle-aged women: A Northern Finland Birth cohort 1966 study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Pilot Study of a Novel Online Comprehensive Pelvic Floor Program for Urinary Incontinence in Women.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Identifying occupational health inequities in the absence of suitable data: are there inequities in access to adequate bathrooms in US workplaces?Occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
- When Bladder and Brain Collide: Is There a Gender Difference in the Relationship between Urinary Incontinence, Chronic Depression, and Anxiety?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity.Developmental biology · 2023Review
- Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Life of Female Urinary Incontinence: An Epidemiological Survey of 9584 Women in a Region of Southeastern China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- Prevalence and clinical correlates for depression in women with urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Low-fat dietary pattern reduces urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: post hoc analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Diet Modification Trial.AJOG global reports · 2022Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of urinary incontinence in women living in China: a literature review.BMC urology · 2020Review
- Continence: Bowel and Bladder and Physical Function Decline in Women.Current geriatrics reports · 2020Article
- Association of Geriatric Syndromes with Urinary Incontinence according to Sex and Urinary-Incontinence-Related Quality of Life in Older Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study of an Acute Care Hospital.Korean journal of family medicine · 2019Article
- Urinary incontinence is associated with the development of peptic ulcers in adult women: Data from the KNHANES IV.Medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the association between urinary incontinence (UI) and probable depression, work disability, and workforce exit.
methodsThe analytic sample consisted of 4,511 women enrolled in the population-based Health and Retirement Study cohort. The analysis baseline was 1996, the year that questions about UI were added to the survey instrument, and at which time study participants were 54-65 years of age. Women were followed-up with biennial interviews until 2010-2011. Outcomes of interest were onset of probable depression, work disability, and workforce exit. Urinary incontinence was specified in different ways based on questions about experience and frequency of urine loss. We fit Cox proportional hazards regression models to the data, adjusting the estimates for baseline sociodemographic and health status variables previously found to confound the association between UI and the outcomes of interest.
resultsAt baseline, 727 participants (survey-weighted prevalence, 16.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.4-18.0) reported any UI, of which 212 (survey-weighted prevalence, 29.2%; 95% CI 25.4-33.3) reported urine loss on more than 15 days in the past month; and 1,052 participants were categorized as having probable depression (survey-weighted prevalence, 21.6%; 95% CI 19.8-23.6). Urinary incontinence was associated with increased risks for probable depression (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI 1.27-1.62) and work disability (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI 1.01-1.45), but not workforce exit (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI 0.93-1.21).
conclusionIn a population-based cohort of women between ages 54 and 65 years, UI was associated with increased risks for probable depression and work disability. Improved diagnosis and management of UI may yield significant economic and psychosocial benefits.
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