ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2014
Calculated globulin (CG) as a screening test for antibody deficiency.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Protein Electrophoresis May Be Used as a Screening Tool for Antibody Deficiency in Children and Adolescents.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Implementing calculated globulin screening for immunodeficiencies: The benefits and challenges.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Calculated globulin as a surrogate marker for hypogammaglobulinemia: establishing clinical decision limits in a Brazilian population cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Improving screening for antibody deficiency using calculated globulin and serum protein electrophoresis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Influence of Parity on Metabolic Profile, Performance and Offspring Growth inVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-specific antibody response associated with high clozapine doses in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Article
- Nonlinear Association Between Calculated Globulin Levels and 28-Day Mortality in Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Association between Infection and Calculated Globulin Level among Patients with Thymic Epithelial Tumor.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Heat stress alters hematological parameters in barrows and gilts.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Calculated globulin can be used as a screening test for antibody deficiency in children and adolescents.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Charting a course for global progress in PIDs by 2030 - proceedings from the IPOPI global multi-stakeholders' summit (September 2023).Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Screening for Antibody Deficiencies in Adults by Serum Electrophoresis and Calculated Globin.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Clinical Validation of a Primary Antibody Deficiency Screening Algorithm for Primary Care.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- A Single Center Study Investigating Clinical Outcomes of Testing for Multiple Myeloma and Immune Deficiency at Low Globulin Levels.Journal of blood medicine · 2023Article
- Immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and increased risk of B cell malignancy in humans withScience immunology · 2022Article
- Pediatric Prediction Model for Low Immunoglobulin G Level Based on Serum Globulin and Illness Status.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Thermoregulatory Responses and Performance of Dairy Calves Fed Different Amounts of Colostrum.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Calculated globulin (total protein - albumin) is usually tested as part of a liver function test profile in both primary and secondary care and determines the serum globulin concentration, of which immunoglobulins are a major component. The main use hitherto of calculated globulin is to detect paraproteins when the level is high. This study investigated the potential to use low levels of calculated globulin to detect antibody deficiency. Serum samples with calculated globulin cut-off < 18 g/l based on results of a pilot study were collected from nine hospitals in Wales over a 12-month period. Anonymized request information was obtained and the samples tested for immunoglobulin levels, serum electrophoresis and, if appropriate, immunofixation. A method comparison for albumin measurement using bromocresol green and bromocresol purple was undertaken. Eighty-nine per cent (737 of 826) samples had an immunoglobulin (Ig)G level of < 6 g/l using the bromocresol green methodology with a cut-off of < 18 g/l, and 56% (459) had an IgG of < 4 g/l. Patients with both secondary and primary antibody deficiency were discovered and serum electrophoresis and immunofixation showed that 1·2% (10) had previously undetected small paraproteins associated with immune-paresis. Using bromocresol purple, 74% of samples had an IgG of < 6 g/l using a cut-off of < 23 g/l. Screening using calculated globulin with defined cut-off values detects both primary and secondary antibody deficiency and new paraproteins associated with immune-paresis. It is cheap, widely available and under-utilized. Antibody-deficient patients have been discovered using information from calculated globulin values, shortening diagnostic delay and time to treatment with immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.