ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2014
Risk of breast cancer after stopping menopausal hormone therapy in the E3N cohort.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Breast effects of oral, combined 17β-estradiol, and progesterone capsules in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Estrogen alone and health outcomes in black women by African ancestry: a secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Trial
- Breast Cancer After Use of Estrogen Plus Progestin and Estrogen Alone: Analyses of Data From 2 Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA oncology · 2015Trial
- Response to letter regarding "relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis".Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Letter to the editor about the article "relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis".Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Current evidence and research gaps in menopause management in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review.Endocrine connections · 2025Review
- Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone: A Narrative Review About Their Use as Hormone Replacement Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The 2025 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines - Korean Society of Menopause.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025Review
- Estrogens and breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Review
- Use of menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in a French cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Using menopausal hormone therapy after a cancer diagnosis in Ireland.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Review
- The effect of menopausal hormone therapy on gastrointestinal cancer risk and mortality in South Korea: a population-based cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Functional relationship of SNP (Ala490Thr) of an epigenetic geneJournal of genetics · 2021Article
- The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2020Review
- The Proliferative Response to p27 Down-Regulation in Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormonal Therapy is Lost in Breast Tumors.Translational oncology · 2018Article
- Article
- Comparison of methods for estimating the attributable risk in the context of survival analysis.BMC medical research methodology · 2017Article
- Deciphering the divergent roles of progestogens in breast cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2017Review
- Accounting for individualized competing mortality risks in estimating postmenopausal breast cancer risk.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Questions remain on how the excess risk of breast cancer associated with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) evolves after treatment stops. We investigated that issue in the E3N cohort, with 3,678 invasive breast cancers identified between 1992 and 2008 among 78,353 women (881,290 person-years of postmenopausal follow-up). Exposure to MHT was assessed through biennial self-administered questionnaires and classified by type of progestagen component (progesterone or dydrogesterone; other progestagen), duration (short-term ≤5 years; long-term >5 years) and time since last use (current, 3 months-5 years, 5-10 years, 10+ years). Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with Cox models. Among short-term users, only those currently using estrogens associated with a progestagen other than progesterone/dydrogesterone had a significantly elevated breast cancer risk (HR 1.70, 95 % CI 1.50-1.91, compared with never users). Long-term use of this type of MHT was associated with a HR of 2.02 (1.81-2.26) when current and of 1.36 (1.13-1.64), 1.34 (1.04-1.73), and 1.52 (0.87-2.63) when stopped ≤5, 5-10, and 10+ years earlier, respectively. Our results suggest residual increases in breast cancer risk several years after MHT cessation, which are restricted to long-term treatments. Whether increases persist more than 10 years after cessation deserves continuing investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.