ReviewExperimental eye research2014
Understanding photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis: use and utility of RPE cells in culture.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis and Retinal Degenerative Diseases.Aging and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Loss of ABCA4 from photoreceptor discs is associated with glial transcriptomic changes in retinal organoids.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Article
- Loss of ATRAID in Late-Onset, Non-Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial dynamics and their role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration: A comprehensive review.Redox biology · 2026Review
- A MERTK-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate Selectively Depletes M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages and MERTK-Expressing Cancer Cells.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Functional OCT with parfocal retinal stimulation enables multi-site optoretinography under a single dark adaptation.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Article
- Roadmap on advances in visual and physiological optics.Journal of optics (2010) · 2025Review
- Retinitis Pigmentosa-Associated Gene TRIM49 Regulates ULK1-Mediated Autophagy and Photoreceptor Phagocytosis by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying gyrate atrophy: Why is the retina primarily affected?Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Review
- Ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, mitigates all-trans-retinal-induced retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in mice.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of retinal markers and incident amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An optical coherence tomography-based cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- PNPLA6 regulates retinal homeostasis by choline through phospholipid turnover.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Rescue of the disease-associated phenotype in CRISPR-corrected hiPSCs as a therapeutic approach for inherited retinal dystrophies.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Dicer Loss in Müller Glia Leads to a Defined Sequence of Pathological Events Beginning With Cone Dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Influence of a Very High-Molecular Weight Fucoidan fromMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Under Oxidative Stress: Chaperoning Autophagy and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CYLD Maintains Retinal Homeostasis by Deubiquitinating ENKD1 and Promoting the Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Protective effect of zinc against A2E-induced toxicity in ARPE-19 cells: Possible involvement of lysosomal acidification.Heliyon · 2024Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RPE cells are the most actively phagocytic cells in the human body. In the eye, RPE cells face rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments at all times but contribute to shedding and clearance phagocytosis of distal outer segment tips only once a day. Analysis of RPE phagocytosis in situ has succeeded in identifying key players of the RPE phagocytic mechanism. Phagocytic processes comprise three distinct phases, recognition/binding, internalization, and digestion, each of which is regulated separately by phagocytes. Studies of phagocytosis by RPE cells in culture allow specifically analyzing and manipulating these distinct phases to identify their molecular mechanisms. Here, we compare similarities and differences of primary, immortalized, and stem cell-derived RPE cells in culture to RPE cells in situ with respect to phagocytic function. We discuss in particular potential pitfalls of RPE cell culture phagocytosis assays. Finally, we point out considerations for phagocytosis assay development for future studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.